Carbazole-based compound and organic light emitting device including the same

ABSTRACT

Provided are a carbazole-based compound and an organic light-emitting device including the same. The carbazole-based compound may have the following general structure: 
     
       
         
         
             
             
         
       
     
     wherein details and examples of L 1  through L 6 , R 1  through R 6 , a 1  through a 6 , and b 1  through b 6  are provided.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims the benefit of Korean Patent Application No.10-2016-0008889, filed on Jan. 25, 2016, in the Korean IntellectualProperty Office, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein in itsentirety by reference.

BACKGROUND

1. Field

One or more embodiments relate to a carbazole-based compound and anorganic light-emitting device including the same.

2. Description of the Related Art

Organic light-emitting devices are self-emission devices and have wideviewing angles, high contrast ratios, short response times, andexcellent brightness, driving voltage, and response speedcharacteristics, and produce full-color images.

An example of such organic light-emitting devices may include a firstelectrode disposed on a substrate, and a hole transport region, anemission layer, an electron transport region, and a second electrode,which are sequentially disposed on the first electrode. Holes providedfrom the first electrode may move toward the emission layer through thehole transport region, and electrons provided from the second electrodemay move toward the emission layer through the electron transportregion. Carriers, such as holes and electrons, recombine in the emissionlayer to produce excitons. These excitons transition from an excitedstate to a ground state, thereby generating light.

SUMMARY

One or more embodiments include a novel carbazole-based compound and anorganic light-emitting device including the same.

Additional aspects will be set forth in part in the description whichfollows and, in part, will be apparent from the description, or may belearned by practice of the presented embodiments.

According to one or more embodiments, there is provided acarbazole-based compound represented by Formula 1:

wherein, in Formulae 1, 2A, and 2B,

X₁ may be selected from P(═O)[(L₁₁)_(a11)-(R₁₁)_(b1)],P(═S)[(L₁₂)_(a12)-(R₁₂)_(b12)], S(═O), and S(═O)₂,

ring A₁ to ring A₄ may each independently be selected from a C₅-C₃₀carbocyclic group and a C₂-C₃₀ heterocyclic group,

L₁ to L₆, L₁₁, and L₁₂ may each independently be selected from asubstituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, a substitutedor unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted orunsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

a1 to a6, a11, and a12 may each independently be an integer selectedfrom 0 to 3 wherein, when a1 is two or more, two or more L₁(s) may beidentical to or different from each other, when a2 is two or more, twoor more L₂(s) may be identical to or different from each other, when a3is two or more, two or more L₃(s) may be identical to or different fromeach other, when a4 is two or more, two or more L₄(s) may be identicalto or different from each other, when a5 is two or more, two or moreL₅(s) may be identical to or different from each other, when a6 is twoor more, two or more L₆(s) may be identical to or different from eachother, when a11 is two or more, two or more L₁₁(s) may be identical toor different from each other, and when a12 is two or more, two or moreL₁₂(s) may be identical to or different from each other,

R₁ to R₆, R₁₁, R₁₂, R₂₀, R₃₀, R₄₀, and R₅₀ may each independently beselected from a group represented by Formula 2A, a group represented byFormula 2B, hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, acyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, ahydrazono group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, asubstituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedheteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃), —N(Q₁)(Q₂), —B(Q₁)(Q₂),—C(═O)(Q₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₁), and —P(═O)(Q₁)(Q₂),

b1 to b6, b11, b12, b20, b30, b40, and b50 may each independently be aninteger selected from 0 to 3, wherein, when 131 is two or more, two ormore R₁(s) may be identical to or different from each other, when b2 istwo or more, two or more R₂(s) may be identical to or different fromeach other, when b3 is two or more, two or more R₃(s) may be identicalto or different from each other, when b4 is two or more, two or moreR₄(s) may be identical to or different from each other, when b5 is twoor more, two or more R₅(s) may be identical to or different from eachother, when b6 is two or more, two or more R₆(s) may be identical to ordifferent from each other, when b11 is two or more, two or more R₁₁(s)may be identical to or different from each other, when b12 is two ormore, two or more R₁₂(s) may be identical to or different from eachother, when b20 is two or more, two or more R₂₀(s) may be identical toor different from each other, when b30 is two or more, two or moreR₃₀(s) may be identical to or different from each other, when b40 is twoor more, two or more R₄₀(s) may be identical to or different from eachother, and when b50 is two or more, two or more R₅₀(s) may be identicalto or different from each other,

at least one selected from R₁ to R₆ may be a group represented byFormula 2A, and at least one selected from R₁ to R₆ may be a grouprepresented by Formula 2B,

at least one substituent selected from the substituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkylene group, the substituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group,the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, the substituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenylene group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, thesubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group, the substituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, the substituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, the substitutedC₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, thesubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, the substituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, thesubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, the substitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and the substitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group may be selectedfrom:

deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group,and C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selectedfrom deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, anitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, aC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,—Si(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂)(Q₁₃), —N(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —B(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —C(═O)(Q₁₁),—S(═O)₂(Q₁₁), and —P(═O)(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂),

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group;

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I,a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, ahydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylgroup, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, amonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂)(Q₂₃),—N(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), —B(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), —C(═O)(Q₂₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₂₁), and—P(═O)(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), and

—Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —B(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —C(═O)(Q₃₁),—S(═O)₂(Q₃₁), and —P(═O)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), and

Q₁ to Q₃, Q₁₁ to Q₁₃, Q₂₁ to Q₂₃, and Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independentlybe selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxylgroup, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazinogroup, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group,a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylgroup, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, aC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a biphenylgroup, and a terphenyl group.

According to one or more embodiments, there is provided an organiclight-emitting device including: a first electrode; a second electrodefacing the first electrode; and an organic layer that is disposedbetween the first electrode and the second electrode and includes anemission layer, wherein the organic layer includes at least one of thecarbazole-based compound described above.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

These and/or other aspects will become apparent and more readilyappreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken inconjunction with FIGS. 1, 2, 3, and 4, which are each a schematicdiagram of a structure of an organic light-emitting device according toan embodiment of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments, examples of whichare illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like referencenumerals refer to like elements throughout. In this regard, the presentembodiments may have different forms and should not be construed asbeing limited to the descriptions set forth herein. Accordingly, theembodiments are merely described below, by referring to the figures, toexplain aspects of the present description. As used herein, the term“and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of theassociated listed items. Expressions such as “at least one of,” whenpreceding a list of elements, modify the entire list of elements and donot modify the individual elements of the list.

According to an aspect of embodiments, a carbazole-based compound isrepresented by Formula 1:

wherein X₁ in Formula 2B may be selected fromP(═O)[(L₁₁)_(a11)-(R₁₁)_(b1)], P(═S)[(L₁₂)_(a12)-(R₁₂)_(b12)], S(═O),and S(═O)₂. Here, L₁₁, L₁₂, a11, a12, R₁₁, R₁₂, b11, and b12 may eachindependently be the same as defined herein in the presentspecification.

X₁ in Formula 2B may be a divalent group in which a central element(e.g., P or S) is bound to each of neighboring carbon atoms, wherein thecentral element is further bound to (═O), (═S), (═O)₂,[(L₁₁)_(a11)-(R₁₁)_(b11)], or [(L₁₂)_(a12)-(R₁₂)_(b12)].

In an embodiment, X₁ in Formula 2B may be P(═O)[(L₁₁)_(a11)-(R₁₁)_(b1)],but embodiments are not limited thereto.

In Formula 2A, ring A₁ and ring A₂ may each independently be fused witha neighboring 5-membered ring by sharing a carbon atom therebetween. InFormula 2B, ring A₃ and ring A₄ may each independently be fused with aneighboring 6-membered ring by sharing a carbon atom therebetween.

In Formulae 2A and 2B, ring A₁ to ring A₄ may each independently beselected from a C₅-C₃₀ carbocyclic group and a C₂-C₃₀ heterocyclicgroup.

For example, in Formulae 2A and 2B, ring A₁ to ring A₄ may eachindependently be selected from a benzene group, a naphthalene group, aphenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrenegroup, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a pyridine group, apyrazine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyridazine group, a quinolinegroup, an isoquinoline group, a quinoxaline group, and a quinazolinegroup. In an embodiment, in Formulae 2A and 2B, ring A₁ to ring A₄ mayeach independently be selected from a benzene group and a pyridinegroup, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

In Formulae 1, 2A, and 2B, L₁ to L₆, L₁₁, and L₁₂ may each independentlybe selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylenegroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group,a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, asubstituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkenylene group, a substitutedor unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted orunsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

In an embodiment, in Formulae 1, 2A, and 2B, L₁ to L₆, L₁₁, and L₁₂ mayeach independently be selected from:

a phenylene group, a pentalenylene group, an indenylene group, anaphthylene group, an azulenylene group, a heptalenylene group, anindacenylene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, aspiro-bifluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, adibenzofluorenylene group, a phenalenylene group, a phenanthrenylenegroup, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, atriphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, anaphthacenylene group, a picenylene group, a perylenylene group, apentaphenylene group, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, arubicenylene group, a coronenylene group, an ovalenylene group, athiophenylene group, a furanylene group, a carbazolylene group, abenzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylene group, a dibenzofuranylenegroup, a dibenzothiophenylene group, a benzocarbazolylene group, and abenzocarbazolylene group; and

a phenylene group, a pentalenylene group, an indenylene group, anaphthylene group, an azulenylene group, a heptalenylene group, anindacenylene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, aspiro-bifluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, adibenzofluorenylene group, a phenalenylene group, a phenanthrenylenegroup, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, atriphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, anaphthacenylene group, a picenylene group, a perylenylene group, apentaphenylene group, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, arubicenylene group, a coronenylene group, an ovalenylene group, athiophenylene group, a furanylene group, a carbazolylene group, abenzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylene group, a dibenzofuranylenegroup, a dibenzothiophenylene group, a benzocarbazolylene group, and abenzocarbazolylene group, each substituted with at least one selectedfrom deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, anitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, aC₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, acyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, acyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group,a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenylgroup, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, ananthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group,a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenylgroup, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, apyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group,a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, adibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolylgroup, and —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), and

Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group,a alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, anda naphthyl group.

In various embodiments, in Formulae 1, 2A, and 2B, L₁ to L₆, L₁₁, andL₁₂ may each independently be selected from groups represented byFormulae 3-1 to 3-41:

In Formulae 3-1 to 3-41,

Y₁ may be O, S, C(Z₃)(Z₄), N(Z₅), or Si(Z₆)(Z₇),

Z₁ to Z₇ may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium,—F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, anamidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkylgroup, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, aterphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, aspiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenylgroup, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, achrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinylgroup, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group,a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a triazinyl group, abenzimidazolyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, and —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃),

Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group,a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenylgroup, and a naphthyl group,

d2 may be an integer selected from 0 to 2,

d3 may be an integer selected from 0 to 3,

d4 may be an integer selected from 0 to 4,

d5 may be an integer selected from 0 to 5,

d6 may be an integer selected from 0 to 6,

d8 may be an integer selected from 0 to 8, and

‘* and *’ each independently indicate a binding site to a neighboringatom.

In an embodiment, in Formulae 1, 2A, and 2B, L₁ to L₆, L₁₁, and L₁₂ mayeach independently be selected from groups represented by Formulae 4-1to 4-41:

In Formulae 4-1 to 4-41, ‘* and *’ each independently indicate a bindingsite to a neighboring atom.

In Formulae 1, 2A, and 2B, a1 to a6, a11, and a12 may each independentlybe an integer selected from 0 to 3, wherein a1 indicates the number ofL₁(s) in Formula 1. When a1 is 0, *-(L₁)_(a1)-*′ may be a single bond.When a1 is two or more, two or more L₁(s) may be identical to ordifferent from each other. a2 to a6, a11, and a12 may each independentlybe understood by referring to the description provided herein inconnection with a1 and the structures of Formulae 1, 2A, and 2B.

In an embodiment, in Formulae 1, 2A, and 2B, a1 to a6, a11, and a12 mayeach independently be 0 or 1.

In Formulae 1, 2A, and 2B, R₁ to R₆, R₁₁, R₁₂, R₂₀, R₃₀, R₄₀, and R₅₀may each independently be selected from a group represented by Formula2A, a group represented by Formula 2B, hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl,—Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidinogroup, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedheterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group (substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group), asubstituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedheteropolycyclic group (substituted or unsubstituted monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group), —Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃),—N(Q₁)(Q₂), —B(Q₁)(Q₂), —C(═O)(Q₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₁), and —P(═O)(Q₁)(Q₂).

In an embodiment, in Formulae 1, 2A, and 2B, R₁ to R₆, R₁₁, R₁₂, R₂₀,R₃₀, R₄₀, and R₅₀ may each independently be selected from a grouprepresented by Formula 2A, a group represented by Formula 2B, hydrogen,deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₂₀aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₂₀ heteroaryl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromaticcondensed heteropolycyclic group, and —Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃).

In various embodiments, in Formulae 1, 2A, and 2B,

R₁ to R₆, R₁₁, and R₁₂ may each independently be selected from:

a group represented by Formula 2A, a group represented by Formula 2B, aphenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a pentalenyl group,an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenylgroup, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, aspiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenylgroup, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group,a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, achrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenylgroup, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, arubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a thiophenylgroup, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, and adibenzosilolyl group; and

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a pentalenyl group,an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenylgroup, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, aspiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenylgroup, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group,a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, achrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenylgroup, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, arubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a thiophenylgroup, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, and adibenzosilolyl group, each substituted with at least one selected fromdeuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexylgroup, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group,a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a pentalenyl group,an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenylgroup, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, aspiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenylgroup, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group,a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, achrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenylgroup, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, arubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a thiophenylgroup, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, adibenzosilolyl group, —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), and —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃),

R₂₀, R₃₀, R₄₀, and R₅₀ may each independently be selected from:

hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group,a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, aC₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with atleast one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, acyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, and ahydrazono group;

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a pentalenyl group,an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenylgroup, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, aspiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenylgroup, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group,a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, achrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenylgroup, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, arubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a thiophenylgroup, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, and adibenzosilolyl group;

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a pentalenyl group,an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenylgroup, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, aspiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenylgroup, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group,a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, achrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenylgroup, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, arubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a thiophenylgroup, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, and adibenzosilolyl group, each substituted with at least one selected fromdeuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexylgroup, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group,a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a pentalenyl group,an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenylgroup, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, aspiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenylgroup, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group,a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, achrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenylgroup, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, arubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a thiophenylgroup, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, adibenzosilolyl group, —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), and —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), and

—Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃), and

Q₁ to Q₃ and Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, aterphenyl group, and a naphthyl group.

In an embodiment, in Formulae 1, 2A, and 2B, R₁ to R₆, R₁₁, and R₁₂ mayeach independently be selected from a group represented by Formula 2A, agroup represented by Formula 2B, and groups represented by Formulae 5-1to 5-80,

R₂₀, R₃₀, R₄₀, and R₅₀ may each independently be selected from hydrogen,deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, groups represented by Formulae 5-1to 5-80, and —Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃) (wherein Q₁ to Q₃ may each independently beselected from a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenylgroup, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and a naphthyl group):

In an embodiment, in Formulae 5-1 to 5-80,

Y₃₁ may be O, S, C(Z₃₃)(Z₃₄), N(Z₃₅), or Si(Z₃₆)(Z₃₇),

Z₃₁ to Z₃₇ may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium,—F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, anamidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkylgroup, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, aterphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, aspiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenylgroup, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, achrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinylgroup, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group,a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzimidazolyl group,a phenanthrolinyl group, a triazinyl group, —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), and—Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃),

Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group,a alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, anda naphthyl group,

e3 may be an integer selected from 0 to 3,

e4 may be an integer selected from 0 to 4,

e5 may be an integer selected from 0 to 5,

e6 may be an integer selected from 0 to 6,

e7 may be an integer selected from 0 to 7,

e8 may be an integer selected from 0 to 8,

e9 may be an integer selected from 0 to 9, and

* indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom.

In various embodiments, in Formulae 1, 2A, and 2B, R₁ to R₆, R₁₁, andR₁₂ may each independently be selected from a group represented byFormula 2A, a group represented by Formula 2B, groups represented byFormulae 6-1 to 6-35, and groups represented by Formulae 10-1 to 10-129,and

R₂₀, R₃₀, R₄₀, and R₅₀ may each independently be selected from hydrogen,deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, groups represented by Formulae 6-1to 6-35, groups represented by Formulae 10-1 to 10-129, and—Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃) (wherein Q₁ to Q₃ may each independently be selectedfrom a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, abiphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and a naphthyl group):

In Formulae 6-1 to 6-35 and Formulae 10-1 to 10-129, * indicates abinding site to a neighboring atom.

In Formulae 1, 2A, and 2B, b1 to b6, b11, b12, b20, b30, b40, and b50may each independently be an integer selected from 0 to 3, wherein b1indicates the number of R₁(s) in Formula 1. When b1 is two or more, twoor more R₁(s) may be identical to or different from each other. b2 tob6, b11, b12, b20, b30, b40, and b50 may each independently beunderstood by referring to the description provided herein in connectionwith b1 and the structures of Formulae 1, 2A, and 2B.

In an embodiment, b1 to b6, b11, b12, b20, b30, b40, and b50 may eachindependently be 0 or 1.

In Formula 1, at least one selected from R₁ to R₆ may be a grouprepresented by Formula 2A, and at least one selected from R₁ to R₆ maybe a group represented by Formula 2B.

That is, the carbazole-based compound represented by Formula 1 maysimultaneously include a group represented by Formula 2A and a grouprepresented by Formula 2B.

In an embodiment, in Formula 1, one or two selected from R₁ to R₆ mayeach independently be a group represented by Formula 2A, and oneselected from R₁ to R₆ may be a group represented by Formula 2B.

In various embodiments, in Formula 1, R₁ may be a group represented byFormula 2B and R₄ may be a group represented by Formula 2A; R₁ may be agroup represented by Formula 2B and R₃ may be a group represented byFormula 2A; or R₁ may be a group represented by Formula 2B and R₃ and R₅may each independently be a group represented by Formula 2A. However,embodiments are not limited thereto.

In an embodiment, the group represented by Formula 2A may be selectedfrom groups represented by Formulae 2A-1 to 2A-5, and the grouprepresented by Formula 2B may be selected from groups represented byFormulae 2B-1 to 2B-5:

In Formulae 2A-1 to 2A-5 and Formulae 2B-1 to 2B-5,

X₁ may be the same as defined herein in the present specification,

R₂₁ to R₂₄ may each independently be understood by referring to thedescription provided herein in connection with R₂₀,

R₃₁ to R₃₄ may each independently be understood by referring to thedescription provided herein in connection with R₃₀,

R₄₁ to R₄₄ may each independently be understood by referring to thedescription provided herein in connection with R₄₀, and

R₅₁ to R₅₄ may each independently be understood by referring to thedescription provided herein in connection with R₅₀.

In an embodiment, the carbazole-based compound represented by Formula 1may be represented by one selected from Formulae 1-1 to 1-3:

In Formulae 1-1 to 1-3, X₁, ring A₁ to ring A₄, L₁ to L₆, a1 to a6, a11,a12, R₂ to R₆, R₂₀, R₃₀, R₄₀, R₆₀, b2 to b6, b20, b30, b40, and b50 mayeach independently be the same as defined herein in the presentspecification,

ring A_(1a) and ring A_(1b) may each independently be understood byreferring to the description provided herein in connection with ring A₁,

ring A_(2a) and ring A_(2b) may each independently be understood byreferring to the description provided herein in connection with ring A₂,

R_(20a) and R_(20b) may each independently be understood by referring tothe description provided herein in connection with R₂₀,

ba20 and bb20 may each independently be understood by referring to thedescription provided herein in connection with b20,

R_(30a) and R_(30b) may each independently be understood by referring tothe description provided herein in connection with R₃₀, and

ba30 and bb30 may each independently be understood by referring to thedescription provided herein in connection with b30.

For example, in Formulae 1-1 to 1-3,

X₁ may be P(═O)[(L₁₁)_(a11)-(R₁₁)_(b11)],

ring A₁ to ring A₄, ring A_(1a), ring A_(1b), ring A_(2a), and ringA_(2b) may each independently be selected from a benzene group and apyridine group,

L₁ to L₆ and L₁₁ may each independently be selected from groupsrepresented by Formulae 3-1 to 3-41 (e.g., groups represented byFormulae 4-1 to Formula 4-41),

a1 to a6 and a11 may each independently be 0 or 1,

R₁ to R₆, R₁₁, and R₁₂ may each independently be selected from a grouprepresented by Formula 2A, a group represented by Formula 2B, and groupsrepresented by Formulae 5-1 to 5-80 (e.g., groups represented byFormulae 6-1 to 6-35 and groups represented by Formulae 10-1 to 10-129),

R₂₀, R₃₀, R₄₀, R₅₀, R_(20a), R_(20b), R_(30a), and R_(30b) may eachindependently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, ahydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, ahydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, groups represented by Formulae 5-1 to 5-80 (e.g., groupsrepresented by Formulae 6-1 to 6-35 and groups represented by Formulae10-1 to 10-129), and —Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃) (wherein Q₁ to Q₃ may eachindependently be selected from a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxygroup, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and anaphthyl group), and

b2 to b6, b20, b30, b40, b50, ba20, bb20, ba30, and bb30 may eachindependently be 0 or 1.

In an embodiment, the carbazole-based compound represented by Formula 1may be one selected from Compounds 1 to 23:

The carbazole-based compound represented by Formula 1 may be anamphoteric compound, and thus may simultaneously include moiety A andmoiety B as shown in Formula 1-1′. In this regard, the carbazole-basedcompound represented by Formula 1 may exhibit excellent hole injectioncharacteristics and electron injection characteristics. In addition, dueto a sufficiently high triplet energy level of the carbazole-basedcompound represented by Formula 1, an electronic device, such as anorganic light-emitting device, including the carbazole-based compoundrepresented by Formula 1 may exhibit high efficiency and long lifespan:

The carbazole-based compound represented by Formula 1 may be synthesizedby using a known organic synthetic method. A synthesis method of thecarbazole-based compound represented by Formula 1 may be recognizable byone of ordinary skill in the art in view of the following embodiments.

At least one of the carbazole-based compound represented by Formula 1may be used between a pair of electrodes of an organic light-emittingdevice. For example, the carbazole-based compound represented by Formula1 may be included in an emission layer. In one or more embodiments, thecarbazole-based compound represented by Formula 1 may be used as amaterial for a capping layer located outside a pair of electrodes of anorganic light-emitting device.

According to another aspect of embodiments, an organic light-emittingdevice includes: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the firstelectrode; and an organic layer between the first electrode and thesecond electrode, the organic layer including an emission layer and atleast one carbazole-based compound represented by Formula 1 describedabove.

The expression “(an organic layer) includes at least one carbazole-basedcompound” used herein may include a case in which “(an organic layer)includes identical carbazole-based compounds represented by Formula 1”and a case in which “(an organic layer) includes two or more differentcarbazole-based compounds represented by Formula 1”.

For example, the organic layer may include, as the carbazole-basedcompound, only Compound 1. In this regard, Compound 1 may exist in anemission layer of the organic light-emitting device. In one or moreembodiments, the organic layer may include, as the carbazole-basedcompound, Compound 1 and Compound 2. In this regard, Compound 1 andCompound 2 may exist in an identical layer (for example, Compound 1 andCompound 2 may all exist in an emission layer), or different layers (forexample, Compound 1 may exist in a hole transport layer and Compound 2may exist in an emission layer).

The organic layer includes i) a hole transport region that is disposedbetween the first electrode (i.e., an anode) and the emission layer andincludes at least one selected from a hole injection layer, a holetransport layer, a buffer layer, and an electron blocking layer, and ii)an electron transport region that is disposed between the emission layerand the second electrode (i.e., a cathode) and includes at least oneselected from a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, and anelectron injection layer. At least one selected from the hole transportregion and the emission layer may include at least one of thecarbazole-based compound represented by Formula 1. For example, theemission layer of the organic light-emitting device may include at leastone of the carbazole-based compound represented by Formula 1. Thecarbazole-based compound represented by Formula 1 included in theemission layer may act as a host, and the emission layer may furtherinclude a dopant. The dopant may be a phosphorescent dopant or afluorescent dopant. In an embodiment, the dopant may be a phosphorescentdopant.

The organic light-emitting device may further include at least oneselected from a first capping layer disposed in a pathway along whichlight generated in an emission layer proceeds toward outside through thefirst electrode and a second capping layer disposed in a pathway alongwhich light generated in an emission layer proceeds toward outsidethrough the second electrode, and the at least one selected from thefirst capping layer and the second capping layer may include at leastone of the carbazole-based compounds.

For example, the organic light-emitting device may have i) a stackstructure including a first electrode, an organic layer, a secondelectrode, and a second capping layer which are sequentially stacked inthis stated order, ii) a stack structure including a first cappinglayer, a first electrode, an organic layer, and a second electrode whichare sequentially stacked in this stated order, or iii) a stack structureincluding a first capping layer, a first electrode, an organic layer, asecond electrode, and a second capping layer which are sequentiallystacked in this stated order, and at least one selected from the firstcapping layer and the second capping layer may include thecarbazole-based compound.

The term “organic layer” used herein may refer to a single layer and/ora plurality of layers disposed between the first electrode and thesecond electrode of the organic light-emitting device. A materialincluded in the “organic layer” is not limited to an organic material.

[Description of FIG. 1]

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an organic light-emitting device 10according to an embodiment. The organic light-emitting device 10includes a first electrode 110, an organic layer 150, and a secondelectrode 190.

Hereinafter, the structure of the organic light-emitting device 10according to an embodiment and a method of manufacturing the organiclight-emitting device 10 according to an embodiment will be described inconnection with FIG. 1. [First electrode 110]

In FIG. 1, a substrate may be additionally disposed under the firstelectrode 110 or above the second electrode 190. The substrate may be aglass substrate or a plastic substrate, each having excellent mechanicalstrength, thermal stability, transparency, surface smoothness, ease ofhandling, and water-resistance.

The first electrode 110 may be formed by, for example, depositing orsputtering a material for forming the first electrode 110 on thesubstrate. When the first electrode 110 is an anode, the material forforming the first electrode 110 may be selected from materials with ahigh work function to facilitate hole injection.

The first electrode 110 may be a reflective electrode, asemi-transmissive electrode, or a transmissive electrode. When the firstelectrode 110 is a transmissive electrode, the material for forming thefirst electrode 110 may be selected from indium tin oxide (ITO), indiumzinc oxide (IZO), tin oxide (SnO₂), zinc oxide (ZnO), or any combinationthereof, but embodiments are not limited thereto. When the firstelectrode 110 is a semi-transmissive electrode or a reflectiveelectrode, the material for forming the first electrode 110 may beselected from magnesium (Mg), silver (Ag), aluminum (Al),aluminum-lithium (Al—Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg—In),magnesium-silver (Mg—Ag), and any combination thereof, but embodimentsare not limited thereto.

The first electrode 110 may have a single-layered structure or amulti-layered structure including two or more layers. For example, thefirst electrode 110 may have a three-layered structure of ITO/Ag/ITO,but the structure of the first electrode 110 is not limited thereto.

[Organic Layer 150]

The organic layer 150 may be disposed on the first electrode 110. Theorganic layer 150 may include an emission layer.

The organic layer 150 may further include a hole transport regionbetween the first electrode 110 and the emission layer, and an electrontransport region between the emission layer and the second electrode190.

[Hole Transport Region in Organic Layer 150]

The hole transport region may have i) a single-layered structureincluding a single material, ii) a single-layered structure including aplurality of different materials, or iii) a multi-layered structurehaving a plurality of layers including a plurality of differentmaterials.

The hole transport region may include at least one layer selected from ahole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an emission auxiliarylayer, and a electron blocking layer.

For example, the hole transport region may have a single-layeredstructure including a single layer including a plurality of differentmaterials, or a multi-layered structure having a hole injectionlayer/hole transport layer structure, a hole injection layer/holetransport layer/emission auxiliary layer structure, a hole injectionlayer/emission auxiliary layer structure, a hole transportlayer/emission auxiliary layer structure, or a hole injection layer/holetransport layer/electron blocking layer structure, wherein for eachstructure, constituting layers are sequentially stacked from the firstelectrode 110 in this stated order, but the structure of the holetransport region is not limited thereto.

The hole transport region may further include at least one selected fromm-MTDATA, TDATA, 2-TNATA, NPB(NPD), β-NPB, TPD, Spiro-TPD, Spiro-NPB,methylated-NPB, TAPC, HMTPD, 4,4′,4″-tris(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine(TCTA), polyaniline/dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (Pani/DBSA),poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS),polyaniline/camphor sulfonic acid (Pani/CSA),polyaniline/poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (Pani/PSS), a compound representedby Formula 201, and a compound represented by Formula 202:

In Formulae 201 and 202,

L₂₀₁ to L₂₀₄ may each independently be selected from a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylenegroup, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

L₂₀₅ may be selected from *—O-′, *—S—*I, *—N(Q₂₀₁)-*′, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₂₀ alkylene group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₂-C₂₀ alkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylenegroup, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

xa1 to xa4 may each independently be an integer selected from 0 to 3,

xa5 may be an integer selected from 1 to 10, and

R₂₀₁ to R₂₀₄ and Q₂₀₁ may each independently be selected from asubstituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

For example, in Formula 202, R₂₀₁ and R₂₀₂ may optionally be connectedto each other via a single bond, a dimethyl-methylene group, or adiphenyl-methylene group, and R₂₀₃ and R₂₀₄ may optionally be connectedto each other via a single bond, a dimethyl-methylene group, or adiphenyl-methylene group.

In an embodiment, in Formulae 201 and 202,

L₂₀₁ to L₂₀₅ may each independently be selected from:

a phenylene group, a pentalenylene group, an indenylene group, anaphthylene group, an azulenylene group, a heptalenylene group, anindacenylene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, aspiro-bifluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, adibenzofluorenylene group, a phenalenylene group, a phenanthrenylenegroup, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, atriphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, anaphthacenylene group, a picenylene group, a perylenylene group, apentaphenylene group, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, arubicenylene group, a coronenylene group, an ovalenylene group, athiophenylene group, a furanylene group, a carbazolylene group, anindolylene group, an isoindolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, abenzothiophenylene group, a dibenzofuranylene group, adibenzothiophenylene group, a benzocarbazolylene group, adibenzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzosilolylene group, and apyridinylene group; and

a phenylene group, a pentalenylene group, an indenylene group, anaphthylene group, an azulenylene group, a heptalenylene group, anindacenylene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, aspiro-bifluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, adibenzofluorenylene group, a phenalenylene group, a phenanthrenylenegroup, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, atriphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, anaphthacenylene group, a picenylene group, a perylenylene group, apentaphenylene group, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, arubicenylene group, a coronenylene group, an ovalenylene group, athiophenylene group, a furanylene group, a carbazolylene group, anindolylene group, an isoindolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, abenzothiophenylene group, a dibenzofuranylene group, adibenzothiophenylene group, a benzocarbazolylene group, adibenzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzosilolylene group, and apyridinylene group, each substituted with at least one selected fromdeuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexylgroup, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group,a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a phenyl groupsubstituted with a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a phenyl group substituted with—F, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenylgroup, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, ananthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group,a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenylgroup, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, athiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group,an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolylgroup, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinylgroup, —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), and —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), and

Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group,a alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, anda naphthyl group.

In various embodiments, xa1 to xa4 may each independently be 0, 1, or 2.

In various embodiments, xa5 may be 1, 2, 3, or 4.

In various embodiments, R₂₀₁ to R₂₀₄ and Q₂₀₁ may each independently beselected from a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, apentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group,a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, ananthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group,a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenylgroup, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, athiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group,an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolylgroup, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, and apyridinyl group; and

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a pentalenyl group,an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenylgroup, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, aspiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenylgroup, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group,a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, achrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenylgroup, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, arubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a thiophenylgroup, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, anisoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolylgroup, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, and apyridinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected fromdeuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexylgroup, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group,a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a phenyl groupsubstituted with a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a phenyl group substituted with—F, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenylgroup, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, ananthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group,a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenylgroup, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, athiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group,an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolylgroup, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinylgroup, —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), and —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), and

Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be the same as defined herein in thepresent specification.

In various embodiments, in Formula 201, at least one selected from R₂₀₁to R₂₀₃ may be selected from:

a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group; and

a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group, each substitutedwith at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxylgroup, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazinogroup, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, acyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, acyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenylgroup, a terphenyl group, a phenyl group substituted with a C₁-C₁₀ alkylgroup, a phenyl group substituted with —F, a naphthyl group, a fluorenylgroup, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranylgroup, and a dibenzothiophenyl group, but embodiments are not limitedthereto.

In various embodiments, in Formula 202, i) R₂₀₁ and R₂₀₂ may beconnected to each other via a single bond and/or ii) R₂₀₃ and R₂₀₄ maybe connected to each other via a single bond.

In various embodiments, in Formula 202, at least one selected from R₂₀₁to R₂₀₄ may be selected from:

a carbazolyl group; and

a carbazolyl group substituted with at least one selected fromdeuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexylgroup, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group,a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a phenyl groupsubstituted with a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a phenyl group substituted with—F, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, acarbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group,but embodiments are not limited thereto.

The compound represented by Formula 201 may be represented by Formula201A:

In an embodiment, the compound represented by Formula 201 may berepresented by Formula 201A(1), but embodiments are not limited thereto:

In various embodiments, the compound represented by Formula 201 may berepresented by Formula 201A-1, but embodiments are not limited thereto:

In an embodiment, the compound represented by Formula 202 may berepresented by Formula 202A:

In various embodiments, the compound represented by Formula 202 may berepresented by Formula 202A-1:

In Formulae 201A, 201A(1), 201A-1, 202A, and 202A-1,

L₂₀₁ to L₂₀₃, xa1 to xa3, and R₂₀₂ to R₂₀₄ may each independently be thesame as defined herein in the present specification,

R₂₁₁ and R₂₁₂ may each independently be understood by referring to thedescription provided herein in connection with R₂₀₃, and

R₂₁₃ to R₂₁₇ may each independently be selected from hydrogen,deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexylgroup, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group,a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkylgroup substituted a phenyl group, a phenyl group substituted with —F, apentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group,a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, ananthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group,a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenylgroup, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, athiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group,an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolylgroup, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, and apyridinyl group.

The hole transport region may include at least one compound selectedfrom Compounds HT1 to HT39, but embodiments are not limited thereto:

A thickness of the hole transport region may be in a range of about 100Å to about 10,000 Å, for example, about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å. When thehole transport region includes at least one of a hole injection layerand a hole transport layer, a thickness of the hole injection layer maybe in a range of about 100 Å to about 9,000 Å, for example, about 100 Åto about 1,000 Å, and a thickness of the hole transport layer may be ina range of about 50 Å to about 2,000 Å, for example, about 100 Å toabout 1,500 Å. When the thicknesses of the hole transport region, thehole injection layer, and the hole transport layer are within any ofthese ranges, satisfactory hole transporting characteristics may beobtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

The emission auxiliary layer may compensate for an optical resonancedistance according to a wavelength of light emitted from the emissionlayer, and thus, the light-emission efficiency of a formed organiclight-emitting device may be improved. The electron blocking layer mayblock injection of electrons from the electron transport region. Theemission auxiliary layer and the electron blocking layer may include thematerials described above.

[P-Dopant]

The hole transport region may further include, in addition to thematerials described above, a charge-generation material for theimprovement of conductive properties. The charge-generation material maybe homogeneously or non-homogeneously dispersed in the hole transportregion.

The charge-generation material may be, for example, a p-dopant.

The p-dopant may include at least one selected from a quinonederivative, a metal oxide, and a cyano group-containing compound, butembodiments are not limited thereto.

For example, the p-dopant may include at least one selected from:

a quinone derivative, such as tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) and2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4-TCNQ),

a metal oxide, such as a tungsten oxide and a molybdenum oxide;

a cyano group-containing compound, such as1,4,5,8,9,11-hexaazatriphenylene-hexacarbonitrile (HAT-CN), and

a compound represented by Formula 221, but embodiments are not limitedthereto:

In Formula 221, R₂₂₁ to R₂₂₃ may each independently be selected from asubstituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedheterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, wherein at least oneselected from R₂₂₁ to R₂₂₃ may include at least one substituent selectedfrom a cyano group, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group substitutedwith —F, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group substituted with —Cl, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl groupsubstituted with Br, and a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group substituted with —I.[Emission layer in organic layer 150]

When the organic light-emitting device 10 is a full color organiclight-emitting device, the emission layer may be patterned into a redemission layer, a green emission layer, or a blue emission layer,according to a sub-pixel. In one or more embodiments, the emission layermay have a stacked structure including a red emission layer, a greenemission layer, and a blue emission layer, or may include a red-lightemission material, a green-light emission material, and a blue-lightemission material, which are mixed with each other in a single layer, toemit white light.

The emission layer may include a host and a dopant. The dopant mayinclude at least one selected from a phosphorescent dopant and afluorescent dopant.

The emission layer may include the carbazole-based compound representedby Formula 1.

An amount of the dopant in the emission layer may be, in general, in arange of about 0.01 to about 15 parts by weight based on 100 parts byweight of the host, but is not limited thereto.

A thickness of the emission layer may be in a range of about 100 Å toabout 1,000 Å, for example, about 200 Å to about 600 Å. When thethickness of the emission layer is within any of these ranges, excellentlight-emission characteristics may be obtained without a substantialincrease in driving voltage.

[Host in Emission Layer]

The host may include the carbazole-based compound represented by Formula1.

In one or more embodiments, the host may include a compound representedby Formula 301:

[Ar₃₀₁]_(xb11)-[(L₃₀₁)_(xb1)-R₃₀]_(xb21).  <Formula 301>

In Formula 301,

Ar₃₀₁ may be a substituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group ora substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group,

xb11 may be 1, 2, or 3,

L₃₀₁ may be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylenegroup, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

xb1 may be an integer selected from 0 to 5,

R₃₀₁ may be selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group,a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, ahydrazono group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, asubstituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedheteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₃₀₁)(Q₃₀₂)(Q₃₀₃), —N(Q₃₀₁)(Q₃₀₂),—B(Q₃₀₁)(Q₃₀₂), —C(═O)(Q₃₀₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₃₀₁), and —P(═O)(Q₃₀₁)(Q₃₀₂),

xb21 may be an integer selected from 1 to 5, and

Q₃₀₁ to Q₃₀₃ may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₁₀ alkylgroup, a alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenylgroup, and a naphthyl group, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

In an embodiment, in Formula 301, Ar₃₀₁ may be selected from:

a naphthalene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, abenzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, aphenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, atriphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacenegroup, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentaphene group, anindenoanthracene group, a dibenzofuran group, and a dibenzothiophenegroup; and

a naphthalene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, abenzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, aphenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, atriphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacenegroup, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentaphene group, anindenoanthracene group, a dibenzofuran group, and a dibenzothiophenegroup, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F,—Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidinogroup, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, aC₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenylgroup, a naphthyl group, —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —B(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂),—C(═O)(Q₃₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₃₁), and —P(═O)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), and

Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group,a alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, anda naphthyl group, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

In Formula 301, when xb11 is two or more, two or more Ar₃₀₁(s) may beconnected to each other via a single bond.

In various embodiments, the compound represented by Formula 301 may berepresented by Formula 301-1 or 301-2:

In Formulae 301-1 and 301-2,

A₃₀₁ to A₃₀₄ may each independently be selected from a benzene group, anaphthalene group, a phenanthrene group, a fluoranthene group, atriphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a pyridine group,a pyrimidine group, an indene group, a fluorene group, aspiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group,an indole group, a carbazole group, a benzocarbazole group, adibenzocarbazole group, a furan group, a benzofuran group, adibenzofuran group, a naphthofuran group, a benzonaphthofuran group, adinaphthofuran group, a thiophene group, a benzothiophene group, adibenzothiophene group, a naphthothiophene group, abenzonaphthothiophene group, and a dinaphthothiophene group,

X₃₀₁ may be O, S, or N-[(L₃₀₄)_(xb4)-R₃₀₄],

R₃₁₁ to R₃₁₄ may each independently be selected from hydrogen,deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, aterphenyl group, a naphthyl group —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂),—B(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —C(═O)(Q₃₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₃₁), and —P(═O)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂),

xb22 and xb23 may each independently be 0, 1, or 2,

L₃₀₁, xb1, R₃₀₁, and Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be the same asdefined herein in the present specification,

L₃₀₂ to L₃₀₄ may each independently be understood by referring to thedescription provided herein in connection with L₃₀₁,

xb2 to xb4 may each independently be understood by referring to thedescription provided herein in connection with xb1, and

R₃₀₂ to R₃₀₄ may each independently be understood by referring to thedescription provided herein in connection with R₃₀₁.

In an embodiment, in Formulae 301, 301-1, and 301-2, L₃₀₁ to L₃₀₄ mayeach independently be selected from:

a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, aspiro-bifluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, adibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylenegroup, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylenegroup, a chrysenylene group, a perylenylene group, a pentaphenylenegroup, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, a thiophenylenegroup, a furanylene group, a carbazolylene group, an indolylene group,an isoindolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylenegroup, a dibenzofuranylene group, a dibenzothiophenylene group, abenzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzocarbazolylene group, adibenzosilolylene group, a pyridinylene group, an imidazolylene group, apyrazolylene group, a thiazolylene group, an isothiazolylene group, anoxazolylene group, an isoxazolylene group, a thiadiazolylene group, anoxadiazolylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, apyridazinylene group, a triazinylene group, a quinolinylene group, anisoquinolinylene group, a benzoquinolinylene group, a phthalazinylenegroup, a naphthyridinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, aquinazolinylene group, a cinnolinylene group, a phenanthridinylenegroup, an acridinylene group, a phenanthrolinylene group, aphenazinylene group, a benzimidazolylene group, an isobenzothiazolylenegroup, a benzoxazolylene group, an isobenzoxazolylene group, atriazolylene group, a tetrazolylene group, an imidazopyridinylene group,an imidazopyrimidinylene group, and an azacarbazolylene group; and

a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, aspiro-bifluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, adibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylenegroup, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylenegroup, a chrysenylene group, a perylenylene group, a pentaphenylenegroup, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, a thiophenylenegroup, a furanylene group, a carbazolylene group, an indolylene group,an isoindolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylenegroup, a dibenzofuranylene group, a dibenzothiophenylene group, abenzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzocarbazolylene group, adibenzosilolylene group, a pyridinylene group, an imidazolylene group, apyrazolylene group, a thiazolylene group, an isothiazolylene group, anoxazolylene group, an isoxazolylene group, a thiadiazolylene group, anoxadiazolylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, apyridazinylene group, a triazinylene group, a quinolinylene group, anisoquinolinylene group, a benzoquinolinylene group, a phthalazinylenegroup, a naphthyridinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, aquinazolinylene group, a cinnolinylene group, a phenanthridinylenegroup, an acridinylene group, a phenanthrolinylene group, aphenazinylene group, a benzimidazolylene group, an isobenzothiazolylenegroup, a benzoxazolylene group, an isobenzoxazolylene group, atriazolylene group, a tetrazolylene group, an imidazopyridinylene group,an imidazopyrimidinylene group, and an azacarbazolylene group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from deuterium. —F, —Cl, —Br, —I,a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, ahydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, anaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, abenzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group,an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenylgroup, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, afuranyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolylgroup, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranylgroup, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, adibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, animidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolylgroup, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, anoxadiazolyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinylgroup, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, abenzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, aquinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, aphenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, aphenazinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, abenzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, atetrazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinylgroup, an azacarbazolyl group, —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂),—B(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —C(═O)(Q₃₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₃₁), and —P(═O)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), and

Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be the same as defined herein in thepresent specification.

In various embodiments, in Formulae 301, 301-1, and 301-2, R₃₀₁ to R₃₀₄may each independently be selected from:

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, afluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenylgroup, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, apentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolylgroup, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, adibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, an imidazolyl group, apyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolylgroup, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group,a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinylgroup, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinylgroup, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinylgroup, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group,a benzimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolylgroup, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group,an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, and anazacarbazolyl group; and

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, afluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenylgroup, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, apentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolylgroup, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, adibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, an imidazolyl group, apyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolylgroup, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group,a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinylgroup, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinylgroup, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinylgroup, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group,a benzimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolylgroup, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group,an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, and anazacarbazolyl group, each substituted with at least one selected fromdeuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, aterphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, aspiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenylgroup, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenylgroup, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, aperylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenylgroup, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, anindolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, adibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, an imidazolyl group, apyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolylgroup, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group,a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinylgroup, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinylgroup, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinylgroup, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group,a benzimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolylgroup, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group,an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, an azacarbazolylgroup. —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —B(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —C(═O)(Q₃₁),—S(═O)₂(Q₃₁), and —P(═O)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), and

Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be the same as defined herein in thepresent specification.

In an embodiment, the host may include an alkaline-earth metal complex.For example, the host may be selected from a bellium (Be) complex (forexample, Compound H55), a Mg complex, and Zn complex.

The host may include at least one selected from9,10-di(2-naphthyl)anthracene (ADN),2-methyl-9,10-bis(naphthalen-2-yl)anthracene (MADN),9,10-di-(2-naphthyl)-2-t-butyl-anthracene (TBADN),4,4′-bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,1′-biphenyl (CBP), 1,3-di-9-carbazolylbenzene(mCP), 1,3,5-tri(carbazol-9-yl)benzene (TCP), and Compounds H1 to H55,but is not limited thereto:

[Phosphorescent Dopant Included in Emission Layer in Organic Layer 150]

The phosphorescent dopant may include an organometallic complexrepresented by Formula 401:

In Formulae 401 and 402,

M may be selected from iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd),osmium (Os), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), europium (Eu),terbium (Tb), rhodium (Rh), and thulium (Tm),

L₄₀₁ may be selected from a ligand represented by Formula 402,

xc1 may be 1, 2, or 3, wherein, when xc1 is two or more, two or moreL₄₀₁(S) may be identical to or different from each other,

L₄₀₂ may be an organic ligand,

xc2 may be an integer selected from 0 to 4, wherein, when xc2 is two ormore, two or more L₄₀₂(s) may be identical to or different from eachother,

X₄₀₁ to X₄₀₄ may each independently be nitrogen or carbon,

X₄₀₁ and X₄₀₃ may be connected to each other via a single bond or adouble bond, and X₄₀₂ and X₄₀₄ may be connected to each other via asingle bond or a double bond,

A₄₀₁ and A₄₀₂ may each independently be a C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group or aC₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group,

X₄₀₅ may be a single bond, *—O—*′, *—S—*I, *—C(═O)—*′, *—N(Q₄₁₁)-*′,*—C(Q₄₁₁)(Q₄₁₂)-*′, *—C(Q₄₁₁)=C(Q₄₁₂)-*′, *—C(Q₄₁₁)=*′, or *═C(Q₄₁₁)=′,wherein Q₄₁₁ and Q₄₁₂ may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, aC₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenylgroup, a terphenyl group, or a naphthyl group,

X₄₀₆ may be a single bond, O, or S,

R₄₀₁ and R₄₀₂ may each independently be selected from hydrogen,deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl group,a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a substitutedor unsubstituted heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group and asubstituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedheteropolycyclic group —Si(Q₄₀₁)(Q₄₀₂)(Q₄₀₃), —N(Q₄₀₁)(Q₄₀₂),—B(Q₄₀₁)(Q₄₀₂), —C(═O)(Q₄₀₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₄₀₁), and —P(═O)(Q₄₀₁)(Q₄₀₂),wherein Q₄₀₁ to Q₄₀₃ may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₁₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a C₆-C₂₀ aryl group, and a C₁-C₂₀heteroaryl group,

xc11 and xc12 may each independently be an integer selected from 0 to10, and

in Formula 402, * and *′ each independently indicate a binding site to Mof Formula 401.

In an embodiment, in Formula 402, A₄₀₁ and A₄₀₂ may each independentlybe selected from a benzene group, a naphthalene group, a fluorene group,a spiro-bifluorene group, an indene group, a pyrrole group, a thiophenegroup, a furan group, an imidazole group, a pyrazole group, a thiazolegroup, an isothiazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, apyridine group, a pyrazine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyridazinegroup, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group,a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a carbazole group, abenzimidazole group, a benzofuran group, a benzothiophene group, anisobenzothiophene group, a benzoxazole group, an isobenzoxazole group, atriazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxadiazole group, a triazinegroup, a dibenzofuran group, and a dibenzothiophene group.

In various embodiments, in Formula 402, i) X₄₀₁ may be nitrogen and X₄₀₂may be carbon, or ii) X₄₀₁ and X₄₀₂ may each be nitrogen at the sametime.

In various embodiments, in Formula 402, R₄₀₁ and R₄₀₂ may eachindependently be selected from:

hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group,a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, aC₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with atleast one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, acyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, ahydrazono group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a cyclopentyl group,a cyclohexyl group, an adamantanyl group, a norbornanyl group, and anorbornenyl group;

a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, an adamantanyl group, anorbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenylgroup, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, apyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinylgroup, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, aquinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group;

a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, an adamantanyl group, anorbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group a phenyl group, a biphenyl group,a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyridinylgroup, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, atriazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, aquinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group, each substitutedwith at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxylgroup, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazinogroup, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, acyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, an adamantanyl group, anorbornanyl group, a norbornenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenylgroup, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, apyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinylgroup, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, aquinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group; and

—Si(Q₄₀₁)(Q₄₀₂)(Q₄₀₃), —N(Q₄₀₁)(Q₄₀₂), —B(Q₄₀₁)(Q₄₀₂), —C(═O)(Q₄₀₁),—S(═O)₂(Q₄₀₁), and —P(═O)(Q₄₀₁)(Q₄₀₂), and

Q₄₀₁ to Q₄₀₃ may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₁₀ alkylgroup, a alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, and a naphthylgroup, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

In various embodiments, in Formula 401, when xc1 is two or more, twoA₄₀₁(s) among two or more L₄₀₁(s) may be optionally connected to eachother through X₄₀₇, which is a linking group, or two A₄₀₂(s) among twoor more L₄₀₁(S) may be optionally connected to each other through X₄₀₈,which is a linking group (see Compounds PD1 to PD4 and PD7). X₄₀₇ andX₄₀₈ may each independently be a single bond, *—O—*′, *—S—*I,*—C(═O)—*′, *—N(Q₄₁₃)-*′, *—C(Q₄₁₃)(Q₄₁₄)-*,′ or *—C(Q₄₁₃)═C(Q₄₁₄)-*′(wherein Q₄₁₃ and Q₄₁₄ may each independently be hydrogen, deuterium, aC₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenylgroup, a terphenyl group, or a naphthyl group), but embodiments are notlimited thereto.

In Formula 401, L₄₀₂ may be a monovalent, divalent, or trivalent organicligand. For example, L₄₀₂ may be selected from a halogen ligand, adiketone ligand (e.g., acetylacetonate), a carboxylic acid ligand (e.g.,picolinate), —C(═O), an isonitrile ligand, —CN, and a phosphorus ligand(e.g., phosphine and phosphite), but embodiments are not limitedthereto.

In various embodiments, the phosphorescent dopant may be, for example,selected from Compounds PD1 to PD25, but embodiments are not limitedthereto:

[Fluorescent Dopant in Emission Layer]

The fluorescent dopant may include a compound represented by Formula501:

In Formula 501,

Ar₅₀₁ may be a substituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group ora substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group,

L₅₀₁ to L₅₀₃ may each independently be selected from a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted O—C₆₀ heteroarylene group,a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

xd1 to xd3 may each independently be an integer selected from 0 to 3,

R₅₀₁ and R₅₀₂ may each independently be selected from a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedheterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkenylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substitutedor unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

xd4 may be an integer selected from 1 to 6.

In an embodiment, in Formula 501, Ar₅₀₁ may be selected from:

a naphthalene group, a heptalene group, a fluorene group, aspiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group,a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, afluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysenegroup, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, apentaphene group, and an indenoanthracene group; and

a naphthalene group, a heptalene group, a fluorene group, aspiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group,a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, afluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysenegroup, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, apentaphene group, and an indenoanthracene group, each substituted withat least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxylgroup, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazinogroup, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, aphenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and a naphthyl group.

In various embodiments, in Formula 501, L₅₀₁ to L₅₀₃ may eachindependently be selected from:

a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, aspiro-bifluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, adibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylenegroup, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylenegroup, a chrysenylene group, a perylenylene group, a pentaphenylenegroup, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, a thiophenylenegroup, a furanylene group, a carbazolylene group, an indolylene group,an isoindolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylenegroup, a dibenzofuranylene group, a dibenzothiophenylene group, abenzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzocarbazolylene group, adibenzosilolylene group, and a pyridinylene group; and

a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, aspiro-bifluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, adibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylenegroup, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylenegroup, a chrysenylene group, a perylenylene group, a pentaphenylenegroup, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, a thiophenylenegroup, a furanylene group, a carbazolylene group, an indolylene group,an isoindolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylenegroup, a dibenzofuranylene group, a dibenzothiophenylene group, abenzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzocarbazolylene group, adibenzosilolylene group, and a pyridinylene group, each substituted withat least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxylgroup, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazinogroup, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, aphenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, afluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenylgroup, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, apentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolylgroup, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, adibenzosilolyl group, and a pyridinyl group.

In various embodiments, in Formula 501, R₅₀₁ and R₅₀₂ may eachindependently be selected from:

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, afluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenylgroup, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, apentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolylgroup, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, adibenzosilolyl group, and a pyridinyl group; and

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, afluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenylgroup, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, apentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolylgroup, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, adibenzosilolyl group, and a pyridinyl group, each substituted with atleast one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, acyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, ahydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenylgroup, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, afluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenylgroup, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, apentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolylgroup, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, adibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, and —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), and

Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently selected from a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, aC₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenylgroup, and a naphthyl group.

In various embodiments, in Formula 501, xd4 may be 2, but embodimentsare not limited thereto.

For example, the fluorescent dopant may be selected from Compounds FD1to FD22:

In various embodiments, the fluorescent dopant may be selected from thecompounds below, but embodiments are not limited thereto:

[Electron Transport Region in Organic Layer 150]

The electron transport region may have i) a single-layered structureincluding a single material, ii) a single-layered structure including aplurality of different materials, or iii) a multi-layered structurehaving a plurality of layers including a plurality of differentmaterials.

The electron transport region may include at least one layer selectedfrom a buffer layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron control layer,an electron transport layer, and an electron injection layer, butembodiments are not limited thereto.

For example, the electron transport region may have an electrontransport layer/electron injection layer structure, a hole blockinglayer/electron transport layer/electron injection layer structure, anelectron control layer/electron transport layer/electron injection layerstructure, or a buffer layer/electron transport layer/electron injectionlayer structure, wherein the layers of each structure are sequentiallystacked on the emission layer in these stated orders, but embodiments ofthe structure of the electron transport region are not limited thereto.

The electron transport region (e.g., a buffer layer, a hole blockinglayer, an electron control layer, or an electron transport layer in theelectron transport region) may include a metal-free compound containingat least one π electron-depleted nitrogen-containing ring.

The term “π electron-depleted nitrogen-containing ring” indicates aC1-C60 heterocyclic group including at least one *—N═*′ moiety as aring-forming moiety.

For example, the “π electron-depleted nitrogen-containing ring” may bei) a 5-membered to 7-membered heteromonocyclic group having at least one*—N═*′ moiety, ii) a heteropolycyclic group in which two or more5-membered to 7-membered heteromonocyclic groups each having at leastone *—N═*′ moiety are condensed with each other, or iii)) aheteropolycyclic group in which at least one 5-membered to 7-memberedhetero monocyclic group having at least one *—N═*′ moiety is condensedwith at least one C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group.

Non-limiting examples of the π electron-depleted nitrogen-containingring may include an imidazole, a pyrazole, a thiazole, an isothiazole,an oxazole, an isoxazole, a pyridine, a pyrazine, a pyrimidine, apyridazine, an indazole, a purine, a quinoline, an isoquinoline, abenzoquinoline, a phthalazine, a naphthyridine, a quinoxaline, aquinazoline, a cinnoline, a phenanthridine, an acridine, phenanthroline,phenazine, a benzimidazole, an isobenzothiazole, a benzoxazole, anisobenzoxazole, a triazole, a tetrazole, an oxadiazole, a triazine,thiadiazol, an imidazopyridine, an imidazopyrimidine, and anazacarbazole, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

For example, the electron transport region may include a compoundrepresented by Formula 601:

[Ar₆₀₁]_(xe11)-[(L₆₀₁)_(xe1)-R₆₀₁]_(xe21).  <Formula 601>

In Formula 601,

Ar₆₀₁ may be a substituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group ora substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group,

xe11 may be 1, 2, or 3,

L₆₀₁ may be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylenegroup, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

xe1 may be an integer selected from 0 to 5,

R₆₀₁ may be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl group,a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a substitutedor unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, asubstituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedheteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₆₀₁)(Q₆₀₂)(Q₆₀₃), —C(═O)(Q₆₀₁),—S(═O)₂(Q₆₀₁), and —P(═O)(Q₆₀₁)(Q₆₀₂),

Q₆₀₁ to Q₆₀₃ may each independently be a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, or anaphthyl group, and

xe21 may be an integer selected from 1 to 5.

In an embodiment, at least one selected from xe11 Ar₆₀₁(s) and at leastone selected from xe21 R₆₀₁(s) may include the π electron-depletednitrogen-containing ring as described above.

In an embodiment, in Formula 601, ring Ar₆₀₁ may be selected from:

a benzene group, a naphthalene group, a fluorene group, aspiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group,a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, afluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysenegroup, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, apentaphene group, an indenoanthracene group, a dibenzofuran group, adibenzothiophene group, a carbazole group, an imidazole group, apyrazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxazolegroup, an isoxazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, apyrimidine group, a pyridazine group, an indazole group, a purine group,a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group, aphthalazine group, a naphthyridine group, a quinoxaline group, aquinazoline group, a cinnoline group, a phenanthridine group, anacridine group, a phenanthroline group, a phenazine group, abenzimidazole group, an isobenzothiazole group, a benzoxazole group, anisobenzoxazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxadiazolegroup, a triazine group, a thiadiazol group, an imidazopyridine group,an imidazopyrimidine group, and an azacarbazole group; and

a benzene group, a naphthalene group, a fluorene group, spiro-

a fluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, aphenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, afluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysenegroup, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, apentaphene group, an indenoanthracene group, a dibenzofuran group, adibenzothiophene group, a carbazole group, an imidazole group, apyrazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxazolegroup, an isoxazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, apyrimidine group, a pyridazine group, an indazole group, a purine group,a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group, aphthalazine group, a naphthyridine group, a quinoxaline group, aquinazoline group, a cinnoline group, a phenanthridine group, anacridine group, a phenanthroline group, a phenazine group, abenzimidazole group, an isobenzothiazole group, a benzoxazole group, anisobenzoxazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxadiazolegroup, a triazine group, a thiadiazol group, an imidazopyridine group,an imidazopyrimidine group, and an azacarbazole group, each substitutedwith at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxylgroup, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazinogroup, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, aphenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group,—Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —S(═O)₂(Q₃₁), and —P(═O)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), and

Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group,a alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, anda naphthyl group.

In Formula 601, when xe11 is two or more, two or more Ar₆₀₁(s) may beconnected to each other via a single bond.

In various embodiments, Formula 601, Ar₆₀₁ may be an anthracene group.

In various embodiments, the compound represented by Formula 601 may berepresented by Formula 601-1:

In Formula 601-1,

X₆₁₄ may be N or C(R₆₁₄), X₆₁₅ may be N or C(R₆₁₅), and X₆₁₆ may be N orC(R₆₁₆), wherein at least one selected from X₆₁₄ to X₆₁₆ may benitrogen,

L₆₁₁ to L₆₁₃ may each independently be understood by referring to thedescription provided herein in connection with L₆₀₁,

xe611 to xe613 may each independently be understood by referring to thedescription provided herein in connection with xe1,

R₆₁₁ to R₆₁₃ may each independently be understood by referring to thedescription provided herein in connection with R₆₀₁, and

R₆₁₄ to R₆₁₆ may each independently be selected from hydrogen,deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, aterphenyl group, and a naphthyl group.

In an embodiment, in Formulae 601 and 601-1, L₆₀₁ and L₆₁₁ to L₆₁₃ mayeach independently be selected from:

a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, aspiro-bifluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, adibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylenegroup, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylenegroup, a chrysenylene group, a perylenylene group, a pentaphenylenegroup, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, a thiophenylenegroup, a furanylene group, a carbazolylene group, an indolylene group,an isoindolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylenegroup, a dibenzofuranylene group, a dibenzothiophenylene group, abenzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzocarbazolylene group, adibenzosilolylene group, a pyridinylene group, an imidazolylene group, apyrazolylene group, a thiazolylene group, an isothiazolylene group, anoxazolylene group, an isoxazolylene group, a thiadiazolylene group, anoxadiazolylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, apyridazinylene group, a triazinylene group, a quinolinylene group, anisoquinolinylene group, a benzoquinolinylene group, a phthalazinylenegroup, a naphthyridinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, aquinazolinylene group, a cinnolinylene group, a phenanthridinylenegroup, an acridinylene group, a phenanthrolinylene group, aphenazinylene group, a benzimidazolylene group, an isobenzothiazolylenegroup, a benzoxazolylene group, an isobenzoxazolylene group, atriazolylene group, a tetrazolylene group, an imidazopyridinylene group,an imidazopyrimidinylene group, and an azacarbazolylene group; and

a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, aspiro-bifluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, adibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylenegroup, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylenegroup, a chrysenylene group, a perylenylene group, a pentaphenylenegroup, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, a thiophenylenegroup, a furanylene group, a carbazolylene group, an indolylene group,an isoindolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylenegroup, a dibenzofuranylene group, a dibenzothiophenylene group, abenzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzocarbazolylene group, adibenzosilolylene group, a pyridinylene group, an imidazolylene group, apyrazolylene group, a thiazolylene group, an isothiazolylene group, anoxazolylene group, an isoxazolylene group, a thiadiazolylene group, anoxadiazolylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, apyridazinylene group, a triazinylene group, a quinolinylene group, anisoquinolinylene group, a benzoquinolinylene group, a phthalazinylenegroup, a naphthyridinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, aquinazolinylene group, a cinnolinylene group, a phenanthridinylenegroup, an acridinylene group, a phenanthrolinylene group, aphenazinylene group, a benzimidazolylene group, an isobenzothiazolylenegroup, a benzoxazolylene group, an isobenzoxazolylene group, atriazolylene group, a tetrazolylene group, an imidazopyridinylene group,an imidazopyrimidinylene group, and an azacarbazolylene group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I,a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, ahydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, anaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, abenzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group,an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenylgroup, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, afuranyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolylgroup, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranylgroup, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, adibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, animidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolylgroup, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, anoxadiazolyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinylgroup, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, abenzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, aquinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, aphenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, aphenazinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, abenzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, atetrazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinylgroup, and an azacarbazolyl group, but embodiments are not limitedthereto.

In various embodiments, in Formulae 601 and 601-1, xe1 and xe611 toxe613 may each independently be 0, 1, or 2.

In various embodiments, in Formulae 601 and 601-1, 8601 and R₆₁₁ to R₆₁₃may each independently be selected from:

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, afluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenylgroup, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, apentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolylgroup, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, adibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, an imidazolyl group, apyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolylgroup, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group,a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinylgroup, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinylgroup, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinylgroup, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group,a benzimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolylgroup, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group,an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, and anazacarbazolyl group;

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, afluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenylgroup, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, apentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolylgroup, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, adibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, an imidazolyl group, apyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolylgroup, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group,a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinylgroup, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinylgroup, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinylgroup, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group,a benzimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolylgroup, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group,an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, and anazacarbazolyl group, each substituted with at least one selected fromdeuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, aterphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, aspiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenylgroup, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenylgroup, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, aperylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenylgroup, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, anindolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, adibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, an imidazolyl group, apyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolylgroup, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group,a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinylgroup, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinylgroup, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinylgroup, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinylgroup, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group,a benzimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolylgroup, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group,an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, and anazacarbazolyl group; and

—S(═O)₂(Q₆₀₁) and —P(═O)(Q₆₀₁)(Q₆₀₂), and

Q₆₀₁ and Q₆₀₂ may each independently be the same as defined herein inthe present specification.

In an embodiment, the electron transport region may include at least onecompound selected from Compounds ET1 to ET36, but embodiments are notlimited thereto:

In various embodiments, the electron transport region may include atleast one compound selected from2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP),4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (Bphen), Alq₃, BAlq,3-(biphenyl-4-yl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-4-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole(TAZ), and NTAZ:

Thicknesses of the buffer layer, the hole blocking layer, and theelectron control layer may each independently be in a range of about 20Å to about 1,000 Å, for example, about 30 Å to about 300 Å. When thethicknesses of the buffer layer, the hole blocking layer, and theelectron control layer are within any of these ranges, excellent holeblocking characteristics and/or electron control characteristics may beobtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

A thickness of the electron transport layer may be in a range of about100 Å to about 1,000 Å, for example, about 150 Å to about 500 Å. Whenthe thickness of the electron transport layer is within any of theseranges, satisfactory electron transport characteristics may be obtainedwithout a substantial increase in driving voltage.

The electron transport region (e.g., an electron transport layer in theelectron transport region) may further include, in addition to thematerials described above, a metal-containing material.

The metal-containing material may include at least one selected from analkali metal complex and an alkaline earth metal complex. The alkalimetal complex may include a metal ion selected from a lithium (Li) ion,a sodium (Na) ion, a potassium (K) ion, a rubidium (Rb), and a cesium(Cs) ion, and the alkaline earth metal complex may include a metal ionselected from a Be ion, a Mg ion, a Ca ion, a strontium (Sr) ion, and abarium (Ba) ion. Each ligand coordinated with the metal ion of thealkali metal complex or the alkaline earth metal complex mayindependently be selected from a hydroxyquinoline, ahydroxyisoquinoline, a hydroxybenzoquinoline, a hydroxyacridine, ahydroxyphenanthridine, a hydroxyphenyl oxazole, a hydroxyphenylthiazole, a hydroxydiphenylan oxadiazole, a hydroxydiphenylthiadiazol, ahydroxyphenyl pyridine, a hydroxyphenyl benzimidazole, a hydroxyphenylbenzothiazole, a bipyridine, a phenanthroline, and a cyclopentadiene,but embodiments are not limited thereto.

For example, the metal-containing material may include a Li complex. TheLi complex may include, for example, Compound ET-D1 (lithium quinolate,LiQ) and/or ET-D2:

The electron transport region may include an electron injection layerthat facilitates injection of electrons from the second electrode 190.The electron injection layer may directly contact the second electrode190.

The electron injection layer may have i) a single-layered structureincluding a single material, ii) a single-layered structure including aplurality of different materials, or iii) a multi-layered structurehaving a plurality of layers including a plurality of differentmaterials.

The electron injection layer may include at least one selected from analkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a rare earth metal, an alkalimetal compound, an alkaline earth metal compound, a rare earth metalcompound, an alkali metal complex, an alkaline earth metal complex, anda rare earth metal complex.

The alkali metal may be selected from Na, K, Rb, and Cs. In anembodiment, the alkali metal may be K, Rb, or Cs, and in variousembodiments, the alkali metal may be Rb or Cs. However, embodiments arenot limited thereto.

The alkaline earth metal may be selected from Ca, Sr, and Ba.

The rare earth metal may be selected from scandium (Sc), yttrium (Y),cerium (Ce), ytterbium (Yb), gadolinium (Gd), and terbium (Tb).

The alkali metal compound, the alkaline earth metal compound, and therare earth metal compound may be respectively selected from oxides andhalides (e.g., fluorides, chlorides, bromides, and/or iodines) of thealkali metal, the alkaline earth metal, and the rare earth metal.

The alkali metal compound may be selected from alkali metal oxide, suchas Li₂O, Cs₂O, and K₂O and alkali metal halides, such as LiF, NaF, CsF,KF, LiI, NaI, CsI, and KI. In an embodiment, the alkali metal compoundmay be selected from LiF, Li₂O, NaF, LiI, NaI, CsI, and KI, butembodiments are not limited thereto.

The alkaline earth metal compound may be selected from alkaline earthmetal compounds, such as BaO, SrO, CaO, Ba_(x)Sr_(1-x)O (wherein 0<x<1),and Ba_(x)Ca_(1-x)O (wherein 0<x<1). In an embodiment, the alkalineearth metal compound may be selected from BaO, SrO, and CaO, butembodiments are not limited thereto.

The rare earth metal compound may be selected from YbF₃, ScF₃, ScO₃,Y₂O₃, Ce₂O₃, GdF₃, and TbF₃. In an embodiment, the rare earth metalcompound may be selected from YbF₃, ScF₃, TbF₃, YbI₃, ScI₃, and TbI₃,but embodiments are not limited thereto.

The alkali metal complex, the alkaline earth metal complex, and the rareearth metal complex may each include an alkali metal ion, an alkalineearth metal ion, and a rare earth metal ion as described above,respectively, and each ligand coordinated with a metal ion of the alkalimetal complex, the alkaline earth metal complex, and the rare earthmetal complex may independently be selected from a hydroxyquinoline, ahydroxyisoquinoline, a hydroxybenzoquinoline, a hydroxyacridine, ahydroxyphenanthridine, a hydroxyphenyl oxazole, a hydroxyphenylthiazole, a hydroxydiphenyl oxadiazole, a hydroxydiphenyl thiadiazol, ahydroxyphenyl pyridine, a hydroxyphenyl benzimidazole, a hydroxyphenylbenzothiazole, a bipyridine, a phenanthroline, and a cyclopentadiene,but embodiments are not limited thereto.

The electron injection layer may consist of a reducing dopant describedabove alone, or may include a reducing dopant and an organic material.When the electron injection layer includes a reducing dopant and anorganic material, the reducing dopant may be homogeneously ornon-homogeneously dispersed in a matrix consisting of the organicmaterial.

A thickness of the electron injection layer may be in a range of about 1Å to about 100 Å, for example, about 3 Å to about 90 Å. When thethickness of the electron injection layer is any of these ranges,satisfactory electron injection characteristics may be obtained withouta substantial increase in driving voltage. [Second electrode 190]

The second electrode 190 may be disposed on the organic layer 150. Thesecond electrode 190 may be a cathode, which is an electron injectionelectrode, and in this regard, a material for forming the secondelectrode 190 may be selected from a metal, an alloy, an electricallyconductive compound, and a mixture thereof, which have a relatively lowwork function.

The second electrode 190 may include at least one selected from Mg, Al,Al—Li, Ca, Mg—In, Mg—Ag, ITO, and IZO, but embodiments are not limitedthereto. The second electrode 190 may be a semi-transmissive electrodeor a transmissive electrode.

The second electrode 190 may have a single-layered structure or amulti-layered structure including two or more layers.

[Description of FIGS. 2 to 4]

An organic light-emitting device 20 of FIG. 2 includes a first cappinglayer 210, a first electrode 110, an organic layer 150, and secondelectrode 190, which are sequentially stacked in this stated order, anorganic light-emitting device 30 of FIG. 3 includes a first electrode110, an organic layer 150, a second electrode 190, and a second cappinglayer 220, which are sequentially stacked in this stated order, and anorganic light-emitting device 40 of FIG. 4 includes a first cappinglayer 210, a first electrode 110, an organic layer 150, a secondelectrode 190, and a second capping layer 220, which are sequentiallystacked in this stated order.

Regarding FIGS. 2 to 4, the first electrode 110, the organic layer 150,and the second electrode 190 may each independently be understood byreferring to the description provided herein in connection with FIG. 1.

In the organic layer 150 of each of the organic light-emitting devices20 and 40, light generated in the emission layer may pass through thefirst electrode 110, which is a semi-transmissive electrode or atransmissive electrode, and the first capping layer 210 toward theoutside, and in the organic layer 150 of each of the organiclight-emitting devices 30 and 40, light generated in the emission layermay pass through the second electrode 190, which is a semi-transmissiveelectrode or a transmissive electrode, and the second capping layer 220toward the outside.

The first capping layer 210 and the second capping layer 220 mayincrease external luminescent efficiency according to the principle ofconstructive interference.

The first capping layer 210 and the second capping layer 220 may eachindependently be an organic capping layer including an organic material,an inorganic capping layer including an inorganic material, or acomposite capping layer including an organic material and an inorganicmaterial.

At least one selected from the first capping layer 210 and the secondcapping layer 220 may include at least one material selected from acarbocyclic compound, a heterocyclic compound, an amine-based compound,a porphine derivative, a phthalocyanine derivative, a naphthalocyaninederivative, an alkaline metal complex, and an alkaline earth-basedcomplex. The carbocyclic compound, the heterocyclic compound, and theamine-based compound may be optionally substituted with a substituentcontaining at least one element selected from O, N, S, Se, Si, F, Cl,Br, and I

In an embodiment, at least one selected from the first capping layer 210and the second capping layer 220 may include an amine-based compound.

In various embodiments, at least one selected from the first cappinglayer 210 and the second capping layer 220 may include the compoundrepresented by Formula 201 or the compound represented by Formula 202.

In various embodiments, at least one selected from the first cappinglayer 210 and the second capping layer 220 may include a compoundselected from Compounds HT28 to HT33 and Compounds CP1 to CP5, butembodiments are not limited thereto:

The first capping layer 210 of FIG. 2 and the second capping layer 220of FIG. 3 may each independently include the carbazole-based compoundrepresented by Formula 1.

At least one selected from the first capping layer 210 of FIG. 4 and thesecond capping layer 220 of FIG. 4 may include the carbazole-basedcompound represented by Formula 1.

Hereinbefore, the organic light-emitting device according to anembodiment has been described in connection with FIGS. 1 to 4. However,embodiments are not limited thereto.

The layers constituting the hole transport region, the emission layer,and the layers constituting the electron transport region may each beformed in a specific region using one or more suitable methods selectedfrom vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, a Langmuir-Blodgett (LB)method, ink-jet printing, laser-printing, and laser induced thermalimaging (LITI).

When the layers constituting the hole transport region, the emissionlayer, and the layers constituting the electron transport region areeach formed by vacuum deposition, for example, the vacuum deposition maybe performed at a deposition temperature of about 100° C. to about 500°C., at a vacuum degree of about 10⁻⁸ to about 10⁻³ torr, and at adeposition rate of about 0.01 Å/sec to about 100 Å/sec, depending on thecompound to be included in each layer, and the intended structure ofeach layer.

When the layers constituting the hole transport region, the emissionlayer, and the layers constituting the electron transport region areeach formed by spin coating, for example, the spin coating may beperformed at a coating rate of about 2,000 rpm to about 5,000 rpm, andat a temperature of about 80° C. to 200° C., depending on the compoundto be included in each layer, and the intended structure of each layer.

[General Definition of Substituents]

The term “C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group,” as used herein, may refer to a linear orbranched monovalent aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 60carbon atoms, and non-limiting examples thereof include a methyl group,an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, ater-butyl group, a pentyl group, an iso-amyl group, and a hexyl group.The term “C₁-C₆₀ alkylene group,” as used herein, may refer to adivalent group having the same structure as the C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group.

The term “C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group,” as used herein, may refer to ahydrocarbon group having at least one carbon-carbon double bond at oneor more positions along the hydrocarbon chain of the C₂-C₆₀ alkyl group(e.g., in the middle and/or at either terminus of the C₂-C₆₀ alkylgroup), and non-limiting examples thereof include an ethenyl group, apropenyl group, and a butenyl group. The term “C₂-C₆₀ alkenylene group,”as used herein, may refer to a divalent group having the same structureas the C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group.

The term “C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group,” as used herein, may refer to ahydrocarbon group having at least one carbon-carbon triple bond at oneor more positions along the hydrocarbon chain of the C₂-C₆₀ alkyl group(e.g., in the middle and/or at either terminus of the C₂-C₆₀ alkylgroup), and non-limiting examples thereof include an ethynyl group and apropynyl group. The term “C₂-C₆₀ alkynylene group,” as used herein, mayrefer to a divalent group having the same structure as the C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group.

The term “C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group,” as used herein, may refer to amonovalent group represented by —OA₁₀₁ (wherein A₁₀₁ is the C₁-C₆₀ alkylgroup), and non-limiting examples thereof include a methoxy group, anethoxy group, and an isopropoxy group.

The term “C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group,” as used herein, may refer to amonovalent saturated hydrocarbon monocyclic group having 3 to 10 carbonatoms, and non-limiting examples thereof include a cyclopropyl group, acyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and acycloheptyl group. The term “C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group,” as used hereinmay refer to a divalent group having the same structure as the C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group.

The term “C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group,” as used herein, may refer to amonovalent saturated monocyclic group having at least one heteroatomselected from N, O, Si, P, and S as a ring-forming atom and 1 to 10carbon atoms, and non-limiting examples thereof include a1,2,3,4-oxatriazolidinyl group, a tetrahydrofuranyl group, and atetrahydrothiophenyl group. The term “C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group,”as used herein, may refer to a divalent group having the same structureas the C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group.

The term “C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group,” as used herein, may refer to amonovalent monocyclic group that has 3 to 10 carbon atoms and at leastone carbon-carbon double bond in the ring thereof, and does not havearomaticity. Non-limiting examples of the C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl groupinclude a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, and a cycloheptenylgroup. The term “C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group.” as used herein, mayrefer to a divalent group having the same structure as the C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group.

The term “C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group,” as used herein, may refer toa monovalent monocyclic group that has at least one heteroatom selectedfrom N, O, Si, P, and S as a ring-forming atom, 1 to 10 carbon atoms,and at least one double bond in its ring. Non-limiting examples of theC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group include a4,5-dihydro-1,2,3,4-oxatriazolyl group, a 2,3-dihydrofuranyl group, anda 2,3-dihydrothiophenyl group. The term “C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylenegroup,” as used herein, may refer to a divalent group having the samestructure as the C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group.

The term “C₆-C₆₀ aryl group,” as used herein, may refer to a monovalentgroup having a carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms,and the term “C₆-C₆₀ arylene group,” as used herein, may refer to adivalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60carbon atoms. Non-limiting examples of the C₆-C₆₀ aryl group include aphenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group. When the C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup and the C₆-C₆₀ arylene group each independently include two ormore rings, the respective rings may be fused to each other.

The term “C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group,” as used herein, may refer to amonovalent group having an aromatic system that has at least oneheteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P, and S as a ring-forming atom and 1to 60 carbon atoms. The term “C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group,” as usedherein, may refer to a divalent group having an aromatic system that hasat least one heteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P, and S as aring-forming atom, and 1 to 60 carbon atoms. Non-limiting examples ofthe C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group include a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinylgroup, a pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, aquinolinyl group, and an isoquinolinyl group. When the C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylgroup and the C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group each independently include twoor more rings, the respective rings may be fused to each other.

The term “C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group,” as used herein, may refer to amonovalent group represented by —OA₁₀₂ (wherein A₁₀₂ is the C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup), and the term “C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group,” as used herein, may referto a monovalent group represented by —SA₁₀₃ (wherein A₁₀₃ is the C₆-C₆₀aryl group).

The term “monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,” as usedherein, may refer to a monovalent group that has two or more rings fusedeach other, only carbon atoms as ring-forming atoms (e.g., 8 to 60carbon atoms), and non-aromaticity in the entire molecular structure. Anon-limiting example of the monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclicgroup is a fluorenyl group. The term “divalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group,” as used herein, may refer to a divalent group havingthe same structure as the monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclicgroup.

The term “monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,” asused herein, may refer to a monovalent group that has two or more ringsfused to each other, has at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, Si,P, and S, other than carbon atoms (e.g., 1 to 60 carbon atoms), asring-forming atoms, and has non-aromaticity in the entire molecularstructure. A non-limiting example of the monovalent non-aromaticcondensed heteropolycyclic group includes a carbazolyl group. The term“divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,” as usedherein, may refer to a divalent group having the same structure as themonovalent non-aromatic hetero-condensed polycyclic group.

The term “C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group,” as used herein, may refer to amonocyclic or polycyclic group having only carbon atoms as ring-formingatoms (e.g., 5 to 60 carbon atoms). The C₅-C₆₀ cyclic group may be acarbocyclic group or a non-aromatic carbocyclic group. The C₅-C₆₀carbocyclic group may be a ring same as a benzene, a monovalent groupsuch as a phenyl group, or a divalent group such as a phenylene group.In various embodiments, depending on the number of substituentsconnected to the C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group, the C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic groupmay be a trivalent quadrant group.

The term “C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group,” as used herein, may refer to agroup having the same structure as the C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group, butincluding at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P, and S,other than carbon atoms (e.g., 1 to 60 carbon atoms), as ring-formingatoms.

At least one substituent selected from the substituted C₅-C₆₀carbocyclic group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group, thesubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, the substituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkylene group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group,the substituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, the substitutedC₆-C₆₀ arylene group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group, thesubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, thesubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, thesubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group,the substituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxygroup, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, the substituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, thesubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, the substitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and the substitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group may be selectedfrom:

deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and aC₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group,and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selectedfrom deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, anitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, aC₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,—Si(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂)(Q₁₃), —N(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —B(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —C(═O)(Q₁₁),—S(═O)₂(Q₁₁), and —P(═O)(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂),

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group;

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, eachsubstituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I,a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, ahydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylgroup, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, amonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂)(Q₂₃),—N(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), —B(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), —C(═O)(Q₂₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₂₁), and—P(═O)(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), and

—Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —B(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —C(═O)(Q₃₁),—S(═O)₂(Q₃₁), and —P(═O)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), and

Q₁₁ to Q₁₃, Q₂₁ to Q₂₃, and Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently beselected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, acyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, ahydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, aC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, aheterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylgroup, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and amonovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

The expression “Ph” used herein may refer to a phenyl group, theexpression “Me” used herein may refer to a methyl group, the expression“Et” used herein may refer to an ethyl group, the expression “ter-Bu” or“But” used herein may refer to a tert-butyl group, and the expression“OMe” used herein may refer to a methoxy group.

The term “biphenyl group,” as used herein, may refer to “a phenyl groupsubstituted with a phenyl group”. In other words, a biphenyl group is asubstituted phenyl group having a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group as a substituent.

The term “terphenyl group,” as used herein, may refer to “a phenyl groupsubstituted with a biphenyl group”. In other words, a terphenyl group isa substituted phenyl group having a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group substituted withanother C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, as a substituent.

The symbols * and *′ used herein, unless defined otherwise, refer to abinding site to a neighboring atom in a corresponding formula.

Hereinafter, a compound and an organic light-emitting device accordingone or more embodiments will be described in more detail with referenceto Synthesis Examples and Examples. The expression “B was used insteadof A” used in describing Synthesis Examples may refer to an identicalnumber of molar equivalents of A being used in place of molarequivalents of B.

EXAMPLES Synthesis Examples Synthesis Example 1: Synthesis of Compound 1

Compound 1 was synthesized according to Reaction Scheme 1:

Synthesis of Intermediate 1-1

A mixture of starting material 1 (22.8 g, 132.5 mmol),2-bromoiodobenzene (46.85 g, 165.6 mmol), NatOBu (17.8 g, 185.2 mmol),Pd₂(dba)₃ (6.07 g, 6.6 mmol), DPPF (10.82 g, 13.2 mmol), and anhydroustoluene (300 ml) was heated under reflux at a temperature of 120° C. for10 hours. After the reaction mixture solution was cooled to roomtemperature and filtered through Celite, the organic solvent was removedtherefrom and the resultant reaction mixture was separated by columnusing n-hexane, thereby completing the preparation of Intermediate 1-1(35.5 g, 82%). The obtained compound was identified using ¹H NMR and ¹³CNMR.

¹H NMR (CD₂Cl₂, ppm): δ=7.63 (d, 2H), 7.34-7.27 (m, 2H), 6.94-6.88 (m,2H), 6.48 (s, 1H), ¹³C NMR (CD₂Cl₂, ppm): δ=140.02, 133.18, 128.21,122.67, 118.11, 114.20.

Synthesis of Intermediate 1-2

Intermediate 1-1 (7.47 g, 22.8 mmol),9,9′-(5-iodo-1,3-phenylene)bis(9H-carbazole) (13.36 g, 25 mmol),18-crown-6 (0.79 g, 3 mmol), K₂CO₃ (8.29 g, 60 mmol), and CuI (1.14 g, 6mmol) were dissolved in o-dichlorobenzene (80 ml), followed by beingstirred at a temperature of 180° C. for 48 hours. The resultant reactionmixture was cooled to room temperature, followed by being distilledunder a reduced pressure to remove the reaction solvent. The obtainedreaction mixture was dissolved in EtOAc, and the mixed solution wasfiltered through Celite. An extraction process was performed thereon toextract EtOAc, and the product was washed with distilled water. Anorganic layer collected therefrom was evaporated under reduced pressure,followed by being separated by column using n-hexane:dichloromethane(4:1), thereby completing the preparation of Intermediate 1-2 (5.02 g,30%). The obtained compound was identified using ¹H NMR and MS/FAB.

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, ppm): δ=8.29 (d, 4H), 8.18 (s, 1H), 8.11 (d, 2H), 7.74(d, 4H), 7.67-7.60 (m, 6H), 7.57-7.48 (m, 7H), 7.45-7.42 (m, 4H), Mass(EI, m/z): 733 [M+2].

Synthesis of Compound 1

Intermediate 1-2 (3.5 g, 4.77 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous THF (70ml), and a temperature at which the reaction occurs was dropped to −78°C. While maintaining the reaction temperature at −78° C., n-BuLi (4.2ml, 10.5 mmol, 2.5M in hexane) was slowly added to the reaction mixturedrop by drop, and at the same reaction temperature, the reactionsolution was stirred for 1 hour. A solution in whichdichlorophenylphosphine (0.94 g, 5.25 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrousTHF (5 ml) was added to the resultant reaction mixture drop by drop,followed by being stirred for 24 hours at room temperature. Anextraction process was performed thereon to extract EtOAc, and theproduct was washed with distilled water. An organic layer collectedtherefrom was evaporated under reduced pressure, and a purificationprocess was no longer performed thereon. The obtained compound wasdissolved in dichloromethane (50 ml), and H₂O₂ (5 ml) was added thereto,followed by being stirred for 24 hours at room temperature. Anextraction process was performed thereon to extract EtOAc, and theproduct was washed with distilled water, followed by being separated bycolumn using n-hexane: THF (3:1), thereby completing preparation ofCompound 1 (1.02 g, 31%). The obtained compound was identified using ¹HNMR, ¹³C NMR, and MS/FAB.

¹H NMR (DMSO-d6, 300 MHz, ppm): δ=8.27 (d, 4H), 8.20 (s, 1H), 8.07 (d,2H), 7.72 (d, 4H), 7.68-7.61 (m, 6H), 7.54-7.51 (m, 5H), 7.49-7.44 (m,2H), 7.36-7.31 (m, 4H), 7.21-7.16 (m, 2H), 7.09-7.04 (m, 2H), ¹³C NMR(DMSO-d₆, 75 MHz, ppm): δ=143.7, 142.1, 141.8, 140.8, 135.6, 134.1,134.0, 132.4, 132.0, 129.8, 128.8, 128.4, 127.6, 124.2, 123.8, 123.4,120.4, 119.7, 110.0, 108.7, 97.8. Mass (EI, m/z): 697.

Synthesis Example 2: Synthesis of Compound 5

Compound 5 was synthesized according to Reaction Scheme 2:

Synthesis of Intermediate 2-1

A mixture of starting material 2 (22.8 g, 132.5 mmol),2-bromoiodobenzene (46.85 g, 165.6 mmol), NatOBu (17.8 g, 185.2 mmol),Pd₂(dba)₃ (6.07 g, 6.6 mmol), DPPF (10.82 g, 13.2 mmol), and anhydroustoluene (300 ml) was heated under reflux at a temperature of 120° C. for10 hours. After the reaction mixture solution was cooled to roomtemperature and filtered through Celite, the organic solvent was removedtherefrom and the resultant reaction mixture was separated by columnusing n-hexane, thereby completing the preparation of Intermediate 2-1(35.5 g, 82%). The obtained compound was identified using ¹H NMR and ¹³CNMR.

H NMR (CD₂Cl₂, ppm): δ=7.63 (d, 2H), 7.34-7.27 (m, 2H), 6.94-6.88 (m,2H), 6.48 (s, 1H), ¹³C NMR (CD₂Cl₂, ppm): δ=140.02, 133.18, 128.21,122.67, 118.11, 114.20.

Synthesis of Intermediate 2-2

Intermediate 2-1 (3.58 g, 10.93 mmol), 9-(4-iodophenyl)-9H-carbazole(11.08 g, 30 mmol), 18-crown-6 (0.40 g, 1.5 mmol), K₂CO₃ (4.14 g, 30mmol), and CuI (0.57 g, 3 mmol) were dissolved in o-dichlorobenzene (50ml), followed by being stirred at a temperature of 180° C. for 32 hours.The resultant reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, followedby being distilled under a reduced pressure to remove the reactionsolvent. The obtained reaction mixture was dissolved in EtOAc, and themixed solution was filtered through Celite. An extraction process wasperformed thereon to extract EtOAc, and the product was washed withdistilled water. An organic layer collected therefrom was evaporatedunder reduced pressure, followed by being separated by column usingn-hexane:dichloromethane (4:1), thereby completing the preparation ofIntermediate 2-2 (1.99 g, 32%). The obtained compound was identifiedusing ¹H NMR and MS/FAB.

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, ppm): δ=8.23 (d, 2H), 7.77 (d, 2H), 7.49-7.42 (m, 6H),7.39-7.21 (m, 8H), 6.80 (d, 2H), Mass (EI, m/z): 568 [M+2].

Synthesis of Compound 5

Intermediate 2-2 (2.0 g, 3.52 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous THF (50ml), and a temperature at which the reaction occurs was dropped to −78°C. While maintaining the reaction temperature at −78° C., n-BuLi (3.1ml, 7.75 mmol, 2.5M in hexane) was slowly added to the reaction mixturedrop by drop, and at the same reaction temperature, the reactionsolution was stirred for 1 hour. A solution in whichdichlorophenylphosphine (0.64 g, 3.55 mmol) was dissolved in anhydrousTHF (5 ml) was added to the resultant reaction mixture drop by drop,followed by being stirred for 24 hours at room temperature. Anextraction process was performed thereon to extract EtOAc, and theproduct was washed with distilled water. An organic layer collectedtherefrom was evaporated under reduced pressure, and a purificationprocess was no longer performed thereon. The obtained compound wasdissolved in dichloromethane (50 ml), and H₂O₂ (5 ml) was added thereto,followed by being stirred for 24 hours at room temperature. Anextraction process was performed thereon to extract EtOAc, and theproduct was washed with distilled water, followed by being separated bycolumn using n-hexane: THF (3:1), thereby completing preparation ofCompound 5 (0.54 g, 29%). The obtained compound was identified using ¹HNMR, ¹³C NMR, and MS/FAB.

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆, 300 MHz, ppm): δ=8.23 (d, 2H), 7.51-7.25 (m, 15H),7.20-7.05 (m, 8H), ¹³C NMR (DMSO-d₆, 75 MHz, ppm): δ=143.8, 140.2,139.6, 134.5, 133.5, 133.2, 131.4, 129.4, 128.4, 128.1, 127.4, 126.4,124.4, 124.1, 120.3, 124.1, 109.8. Mass (EI, m/z): 532.

Example 1

As a substrate and an anode, an ITO glass substrate (a product ofCorning Co., Ltd) having a thickness of 15 Ω/cm² (1,200 Å) was cut to asize of 50 mm×50 mm×0.7 mm, sonicated by using isopropyl alcohol andpure water for 5 minutes each, and cleaned by the exposure toultraviolet rays for 30 minutes, and then ozone, and the resulting ITOglass substrate was mounted on a vacuum deposition apparatus.

2-TNATA was vacuum deposited on the ITO anode to form a hole injectionlayer having a thickness of 700 Å, and then, NPB was vacuum deposited onthe hole injection layer to form a hole transport layer having athickness of 100 Å.

Then, Compound 1 (as a host) and PD17 (as a dopant) were co-deposited onthe hole transport layer at a weight ratio of 90:10 to form an emissionlayer having a thickness of 300 Å.

Alq₃ was deposited on the emission layer to form an electron transportlayer having a thickness of 300 Å, and Al vacuum deposited on theelectron transport layer to form a cathode having a thickness of 1,200Å, thereby completing the manufacture of an organic light-emittingdevice:

Example 2 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2

Organic light-emitting devices were each manufactured in the same manneras in Example 1, except that compounds listed in Table 1 were used ashosts in forming the emission layer.

Evaluation Example

Driving voltage, efficiency, and color coordinates of each of theorganic light-emitting devices of Examples 1 and 2 and ComparativeExamples 1 and 2 were measured by using a Kethley SMU 236 (600 nit), andresults thereof are shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1 Host in Driving Efficiency Color emission layer voltage (V)(cd/A) coordinates Example 1 Compound 1 6.1 10.8 (0.195, 0.318) Example2 Compound 2 6.2 9.7 (0.191, 0.315) Comparative CBP 7.8 4.0 (0.189,0.311) Example 1 Comparative Compound A 6.7 2.8 (0.189, 0.307) Example 2

Referring to Table 1, it was confirmed that the organic light-emittingdevices of Examples 1 and 2 exhibited low driving voltage and highefficiency, compared to those of the organic light-emitting devices ofComparative Examples 1 and 2.

As described above, an organic light-emitting device including acarbazole-based compound exhibits low driving voltage and highefficiency.

It should be understood that embodiments described herein should beconsidered in a descriptive sense only and not for purposes oflimitation. Descriptions of features or aspects within each embodimentshould typically be considered as available for other similar featuresor aspects in other embodiments.

While one or more embodiments have been described with reference to thefigures, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the artthat various changes in form and details may be made therein withoutdeparting from the spirit and scope as defined by the following claims

What is claimed is:
 1. A carbazole-based compound represented by Formula1:

wherein, in Formulae 1, 2A, and 2B, X₁ is selected fromP(═O)[(L₁₁)_(a11)-(R₁₁)_(b1)], P(═S)[(L₁₂)_(a12)-(R₁₂)_(b12)], S(═O),and S(═O)₂, ring A₁ to ring A₄ are each independently selected from aC₆-C₃₀ carbocyclic group and a C₂-C₃₀ heterocyclic group, L₁ to L₆, L₁₁,and L₁₂ are each independently selected from a substituted orunsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylenegroup, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a1 to a6, a11, and a12are each independently an integer selected from 0 to 3, wherein, when a1is two or more, two or more L₁(s) are identical to or different fromeach other, when a2 is two or more, two or more L₂(s) are identical toor different from each other, when a3 is two or more, two or more L₃(s)are identical to or different from each other, when a4 is two or more,two or more L₄(s) are identical to or different from each other, when a5is two or more, two or more L₅(s) are identical to or different fromeach other, when a6 is two or more, two or more L₆(s) are identical toor different from each other, when a11 is two or more, two or moreL₁₁(s) are identical to or different from each other, and when a12 istwo or more, two or more L₁₂(s) are identical to or different from eachother, R₁ to R₆, R₁₁, R₁₂, R₂₀, R₃₀, R₄₀, and R₅₀ are each independentlyselected from a group represented by Formula 2A, a group represented byFormula 2B, hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, acyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, ahydrazono group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group(substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group), a substituted or unsubstituted monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group (substituted orunsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group),—Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃), —N(Q₁)(Q₂), —B(Q₁)(Q₂), —C(═O)(Q₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₁), and—P(═O)(Q₁)(Q₂), b1 to b6, b11, b12, b20, b30, b40, and b50 are eachindependently an integer selected from 0 to 3, wherein, when b1 is twoor more, two or more R₁(s) are identical to or different from eachother, when b2 is two or more, two or more R₂(s) are identical to ordifferent from each other, when b3 is two or more, two or more R₃(s) areidentical to or different from each other, when b4 is two or more, twoor more R₄(s) are identical to or different from each other, when b5 istwo or more, two or more R₅(s) are identical to or different from eachother, when b6 is two or more, two or more R₆(s) are identical to ordifferent from each other, when b11 is two or more, two or more R₁₁(s)are identical to or different from each other, when b12 is two or more,two or more R₁₂(s) are identical to or different from each other, whenb20 is two or more, two or more R₂₀(s) are identical to or differentfrom each other, when b30 is two or more, two or more R₃₀(s) areidentical to or different from each other, when b40 is two or more, twoor more R₄₀(s) are identical to or different from each other, and whenb50 is two or more, two or more R₅₀(s) are identical to or differentfrom each other, at least one selected from R₁ to R₆ is a grouprepresented by Formula 2A, and at least one selected from R₁ to R₆ is agroup represented by Formula 2B, at least one substituent selected fromthe substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, the substituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkylene group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group,the substituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, the substitutedC₆-C₆₀ arylene group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group, thesubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, thesubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, thesubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group,the substituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxygroup, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, the substituted C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, thesubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylgroup, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀arylthio group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, the substitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and the substitutedmonovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group is selectedfrom: deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, anitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, aC₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, anda C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group; a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, aC₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with atleast one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, acyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, ahydrazono group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylgroup, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, aC₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, aC₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclicgroup, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,—Si(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂)(Q₁₃), —N(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —B(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —C(═O)(Q₁₁),—S(═O)₂(Q₁₁), and —P(═O)(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, aC₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromaticcondensed heteropolycyclic group; a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, aC₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromaticcondensed heteropolycyclic group, each substituted with at least oneselected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyanogroup, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazonogroup, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynylgroup, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, aC₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalentnon-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromaticcondensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂)(Q₂₃), —N(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂),—B(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), —C(═O)(Q₂₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₂₁), and —P(═O)(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), and—Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —B(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —C(═O)(Q₃₁),—S(═O)₂(Q₃₁), and —P(═O)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), and Q₁ to Q₃, Q₁₁ to Q₁₃, Q₂₁ toQ₂₃, and Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ are each independently selected from hydrogen,deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylgroup, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, aC₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromaticcondensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensedheteropolycyclic group, a biphenyl group, and a terphenyl group.
 2. Thecarbazole-based compound of claim 1, wherein X₁ isP(═O)[(L₁₁)_(a11)-(R₁₁)_(b1)].
 3. The carbazole-based compound of claim1, wherein ring A₁ to ring A₄ are each independently selected from abenzene group and a pyridine group.
 4. The carbazole-based compound ofclaim 1, wherein L₁ to L₆, L₁₁, and L₁₂ are each independently selectedfrom: a phenylene group, a pentalenylene group, an indenylene group, anaphthylene group, an azulenylene group, a heptalenylene group, anindacenylene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, aspiro-bifluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, adibenzofluorenylene group, a phenalenylene group, a phenanthrenylenegroup, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, atriphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, anaphthacenylene group, a picenylene group, a perylenylene group, apentaphenylene group, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, arubicenylene group, a coronenylene group, an ovalenylene group, athiophenylene group, a furanylene group, a carbazolylene group, abenzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylene group, a dibenzofuranylenegroup, a dibenzothiophenylene group, a benzocarbazolylene group, and abenzocarbazolylene group; and a phenylene group, a pentalenylene group,an indenylene group, a naphthylene group, an azulenylene group, aheptalenylene group, an indacenylene group, an acenaphthylene group, afluorenylene group, a spiro-bifluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylenegroup, a dibenzofluorenylene group, a phenalenylene group, aphenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylenegroup, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylenegroup, a naphthacenylene group, a picenylene group, a perylenylenegroup, a pentaphenylene group, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylenegroup, a rubicenylene group, a coronenylene group, an ovalenylene group,a thiophenylene group, a furanylene group, a carbazolylene group, abenzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylene group, a dibenzofuranylenegroup, a dibenzothiophenylene group, a benzocarbazolylene group, and abenzocarbazolylene group, each substituted with at least one selectedfrom deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, anitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, aC₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, acyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, acyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group,a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenylgroup, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, ananthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group,a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenylgroup, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, apyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group,a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, adibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolylgroup, and —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), and Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ are each independentlyselected from a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenylgroup, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and a naphthyl group.
 5. Thecarbazole-based compound of claim 1, wherein L₁ to L₆, L₁₁, and L₁₂ areeach independently selected from groups represented by Formulae 3-1 to3-41:

wherein, in Formulae 3-1 to 3-41, Y₁ is O, S, C(Z₃)(Z₄), N(Z₅), orSi(Z₆)(Z₇), Z₁ to Z₇ are each independently selected from hydrogen,deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, aterphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, aspiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenylgroup, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, achrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinylgroup, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group,a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a triazinyl group, abenzimidazolyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, and —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃),Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ are each independently selected from a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, aC₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenylgroup, and a naphthyl group, d2 is an integer selected from 0 to 2, d3is an integer selected from 0 to 3, d4 is an integer selected from 0 to4, d5 is an integer selected from 0 to 5, d6 is an integer selected from0 to 6, d8 is an integer selected from 0 to 8, and ‘* and *’ eachindependently indicate a binding site to a neighboring atom.
 6. Thecarbazole-based compound of claim 1, wherein L₁ to L₆, L₁₁, and L₁₂ areselected from groups represented by Formulae 4-1 to 4-41:

wherein, in Formulae 4-1 to 4-41, ‘* and *’ each independently indicatea binding site to a neighboring atom.
 7. The carbazole-based compound ofclaim 1, wherein a1 to a6, a11, and a12 are each independently 0 or 1.8. The carbazole-based compound of claim 1, wherein R₁ to R₆, R₁₁, R₁₂,R₂₀, R₃₀, R₄₀, and R₅₀ are each independently selected from a grouprepresented by Formula 2A, a group represented by Formula 2B, hydrogen,deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₂₀aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₂₀ heteroaryl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromaticcondensed heteropolycyclic group, and —Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃).
 9. Thecarbazole-based compound of claim 1, wherein R₁ to R₆, R₁₁, and R₁₂ areeach independently selected from: a group represented by Formula 2A, agroup represented by Formula 2B, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, aterphenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group,an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, anacenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, abenzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, aphenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, atriphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenylgroup, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, ahexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenylgroup, an ovalenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, acarbazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolylgroup, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, and a dibenzosilolyl group; and aphenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a pentalenyl group,an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenylgroup, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, aspiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenylgroup, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group,a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, achrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenylgroup, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, arubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a thiophenylgroup, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, and adibenzosilolyl group, each substituted with at least one selected fromdeuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexylgroup, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group,a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a pentalenyl group,an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenylgroup, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, aspiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenylgroup, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group,a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, achrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenylgroup, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, arubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a thiophenylgroup, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, adibenzosilolyl group, —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), and —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), R₂₀, R₃₀,R₄₀, and R₅₀ are each independently selected from: hydrogen, deuterium,—F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, anamidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkylgroup, and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group; a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group and a C₁-C₂₀alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected fromdeuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, and a hydrazono group; aphenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a pentalenyl group,an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenylgroup, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, aspiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenylgroup, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group,a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, achrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenylgroup, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, arubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a thiophenylgroup, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, abenzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenylgroup, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, and adibenzosilolyl group; a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenylgroup, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, anazulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthylgroup, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenylgroup, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenylgroup, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenylgroup, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, apicenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenylgroup, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, anovalenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group,a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, adibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolylgroup, and a dibenzosilolyl group, each substituted with at least oneselected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyanogroup, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazonogroup, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group,a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, acyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group,a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenylgroup, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, afluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, adibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, ananthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, apyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group,a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenylgroup, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, athiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, a benzofuranylgroup, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, adibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolylgroup, a dibenzosilolyl group, —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), and —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), and—Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃), and Q₁ to Q₃ and Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ are each independentlyselected from a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenylgroup, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and a naphthyl group. 10.The carbazole-based compound of claim 1, wherein R₁ to R₆, R₁₁, and R₁₂are each independently selected from a group represented by Formula 2A,a group represented by Formula 2B, and groups represented by Formulae5-1 to 5-80, R₂₀, R₃₀, R₄₀, and R₅₀ are each independently selected fromhydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group,a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, aC₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, groups represented byFormulae 5-1 to 5-80, and —Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃), and Q₁ to Q₃ are eachindependently selected from a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group,a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and a naphthylgroup:

wherein, in Formulae 5-1 to 5-80, Y₃₁ is O, S, C(Z₃₃)(Z₃₄), N(Z₃₅), orSi(Z₃₆)(Z₃₇), Z₃₁ to Z₃₇ are each independently selected from hydrogen,deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, aterphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, aspiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenylgroup, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, achrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinylgroup, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group,a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, adibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzimidazolyl group,a phenanthrolinyl group, a triazinyl group, —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), and—Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ are each independently C₁-C₁₀ alkylgroup, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, aterphenyl group, and a naphthyl group, e3 is an integer selected from 0to 3, e4 is an integer selected from 0 to 4, e5 is an integer selectedfrom 0 to 5, e6 is an integer selected from 0 to 6, e7 is an integerselected from 0 to 7, e8 is an integer selected from 0 to 8, e9 is aninteger selected from 0 to 9, and * indicates a binding site to aneighboring atom.
 11. The carbazole-based compound of claim 1, whereinR₁ to R₆, R₁₁, and R₁₂ are each independently selected from a grouprepresented by Formula 2A, a group represented by Formula 2B, groupsrepresented by Formulae 6-1 to 6-35, and groups represented by Formulae10-1 to 10-129, R₂₀, R₃₀, R₄₀, and R₅₀ are each independently selectedfrom hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyanogroup, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazonogroup, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, groups representedby Formulae 6-1 to 6-35, groups represented by Formulae 10-1 to 10-129,and —Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃), and Q₁ to Q₃ are each independently selected from aC₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenylgroup, a terphenyl group, and a naphthyl group:

wherein, in Formulae 6-1 to 6-35 and Formulae 10-1 to 10-129, *indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom.
 12. The carbazole-basedcompound of claim 1, wherein one or two selected from R₁ to R₆ are eachindependently a group represented by Formula 2A, and one selected fromR₁ to R₆ is a group represented by Formula 2B.
 13. The carbazole-basedcompound of claim 1, wherein the group represented by Formula 2A isselected from groups represented by Formulae 2A-1 to 2A-5, and the grouprepresented by Formula 2B is selected from groups represented byFormulae 2B-1 to 2B-5:

wherein, in Formulae 2A-1 to 2A-5 and Formulae 2B-1 to 2B-5, X₁ is thesame as defined in claim 1, R₂₁ to R₂₄ are each independently the sameas defined herein in connection with R₂₀ in claim 1, R₃₁ to R₃₄ are eachindependently the same as defined herein in connection with R₃₀ in claim1, R₄₁ to R₄₄ are each independently the same as defined herein inconnection with R₄₀ in claim 1, and R₅₁ to R₅₄ are each independentlythe same as defined herein in connection with R₅₀ in claim
 1. 14. Thecarbazole-based compound of claim 1, wherein the carbazole-basedcompound is represented by one selected from Formulae 1-1 to 1-3:

wherein, in Formulae 1-1 to 1-3, X₁, ring A₁ to ring A₄, L₁ to L₆, a1 toa6, a11, a12, R₂ to R₆, R₂₀, R₃₀, R₄₀, R₅₀, b2 to b6, b20, b30, b40, andb50 are each independently the same as defined in claim 1, ring A_(1a)and ring A_(1b) are each independently the same as defined herein inconnection with ring Ai in claim 1, ring A_(2a) and ring A_(2b) are eachindependently the same as defined herein in connection with ring A₂ inclaim 1, R_(20a) and R_(20b) are each independently the same as definedherein in connection with R₂₀ in claim 1, ba20 and bb20 are eachindependently the same as defined herein in connection with b20 in claim1, R_(30a) and R_(30b) are each independently the same as defined hereinin connection with R₃₀ in claim 1, and ba30 and bb30 are eachindependently the same as defined herein in connection with b30 inclaim
 1. 15. The carbazole-based compound of claim 1, wherein thecarbazole-based compound is one selected from Compounds 1 to 23:


16. An organic light-emitting device comprising: a first electrode; asecond electrode facing the first electrode; and an organic layer thatis disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode andincludes an emission layer, wherein the organic layer includes at leastone of the carbazole-based compound of claim
 1. 17. The organiclight-emitting device of claim 16, wherein the first electrode is ananode, the second electrode is a cathode, and the organic layer includesa hole transport region that is disposed between the first electrode andthe emission layer and an electron transport region that is disposedbetween the emission layer and the second electrode, wherein the holetransport region includes at least one selected from a hole injectionlayer, a hole transport layer, a buffer layer, and an electron blockinglayer, and the electron transport region includes at least one selectedfrom a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, and an electroninjection layer.
 18. The organic light-emitting device of claim 17,wherein the emission layer includes the carbazole-based compound. 19.The organic light-emitting device of claim 18, wherein the emissionlayer includes an organometallic complex represented by Formula 401:

wherein, in Formulae 401 and 402, M is selected from iridium (Ir),platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), osmium (Os), titanium (Ti), zirconium(Zr), hafnium (Hf), europium (Eu), terbium (Tb), rhodium (Rh), andthulium (Tm), L₄₀₁ is selected from a ligand represented by Formula 402,and xc1 is 1, 2, or 3, wherein, when xc1 is two or more, two or moreL₄₀₁(s) are identical to or different from each other, L₄₀₂ is anorganic ligand, and xc2 is an integer selected from 0 to 4, wherein,when xc2 is two or more, two or more L₄₀₂(s) are identical to ordifferent from each other, X₄₀₁ to X₄₀₄ are each independently nitrogenor carbon, X₄₀₁ and X₄₀₃ are connected to each other via a single bondor a double bond, and X₄₀₂ and X₄₀₄ are connected to each other via asingle bond or double bond, A₄₀₁ and A₄₀₂ are each independently aC₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group or a C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group, X₄₀₅ is asingle bond, *—O—*′, *—S—*′, *—C(═O)—*′, *—N(Q₄₁₁)-*′,*—C(Q₄₁₁)(Q₄₁₂)-*′, *—C(Q₄₁₁)═C(Q₄₁₂)-*′, *—C(Q₄₁₁)=*′, or *═C(Q₄₁₁)=*′,wherein Q₄₁₁ and Q₄₁₂ are each independently hydrogen, deuterium, aC₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenylgroup, a terphenyl group, or a naphthyl group, X₄₀₆ is a single bond, O,or S, R₄₀₁ and R₄₀₂ are each independently selected from hydrogen,deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitrogroup, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, asubstituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted orunsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstitutedC₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylgroup, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensedpolycyclic group and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalentnon-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group —Si(Q₄₀₁)(Q₄₀₂)(Q₄₀₃),—N(Q₄₀₁)(Q₄₀₂), —B(Q₄₀₁)(Q₄₀₂), —C(═O)(Q₄₀₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₄₀₁), and—P(═O)(Q₄₀₁)(Q₄₀₂), wherein Q₄₀₁ to Q₄₀₃ are each independently selectedfrom a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a C₆-C₂₀ aryl group,and a C₁-C₂₀ heteroaryl group, xc11 and xc12 are each independently aninteger selected from 0 to 10, and * and *′ in Formula 402 eachindependently indicate a binding site to M of Formula
 401. 20. Theorganic light-emitting device of claim 19, wherein an amount of thecarbazole-based compound in the emission layer is greater than that ofthe organometallic complex in the emission layer.